COMMERCIAL GEOGRAPHY

GLOBAL ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES

Prepared, Designed & Presented by:

Sir Jawwad Khalid Siddiqui
Commerce Teacher

Anees Hussain Coaching Center

UP More North Karachi Campus
 PART - I
WORLD COMMERCIAL GEOGRAPHY
PRIMARY ACTIVITIES
 Fishing

 Lumbering

 Agriculture
 Food Crops
 Plantation Crops

 Power Resources

 Mineral Resources
FISHING
 Introduction:
 One of the primary industries of the world.
 Provides the easiest available food for man.
 No need to cultivate the land and wait for the maturity of the crops.
 Not confined to produce food only.
 Fish meal is used as a food.
 Fish oil is used for medicines and industrial purposes like lubricating,
tanning, soap making and tempering of steel.
 Fish Bi-products: Gelatin, isinglass and ivory.
 Fish skin is used for fir leather.
 Fish meal is used as a feeding stuff to cows and poultry.
FACTORS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF
FISHING INDUSTRY
 Physical Factors:
 Fish Food
 Condition of coastline
 Topography of land
 Nearness of forest

 Economic Factors:
 Cheap labor
 Efficient market
 Use of scientific methods
KIND OF FISHERIES
 Deep Sea Fisheries
Deep-sea fish are fish that live in the darkness below the sunlit
surface waters, that is below the epipelagic or photic zone of the sea.
The lantern fish is, by far, the most common deep-sea fish.
Other deep sea fishes include the flashlight fish, cookie cutter
shark, bristle mouths, anglerfish, viperfish, and some species of
eelpout.

 Shore Fisheries
Shore fisheries — defined as all fisheries within exclusive economic
zones (EEZ) — provide food, nutrition and livelihoods, particularly in
developing countries. ... Some 85 percent are small-scale fishers and
fish workers primarily operating in coastal waters in developing
countries.
That almost 70% of the world’s annual tuna catch comes from the
Pacific and around 58% comes from the Western and Central
Pacific Ocean.
KIND OF FISHERIES
 Fresh Water Fisheries
Freshwater Fisheries Waters means waters, pond, course, river, stream
and lake which is of a permanent or temporary nature and in which
fish live and thrive and which is situated within the inland boundary
along the sea coast.This expression also includes a leasable
fishery, reserved fishery, fisheries waters in which rights of
fishery are permitted under a license, reservoirs, waters in an area
belonging to any Government department, inland tidal places, waters
on an island, crocodile nets and turtle banks in which crocodile and
turtle lay their eggs and brackish waters.
Furthermore, waters on the inland-side of the straight line
drawn from one extreme and of one bank to the extreme end of the
other bank of the river mouths and stream mouths adjoining to the
sea are freshwater fisheries waters;
WORLD MAP - LOCATOR
IMPORTANT FISHING GROUNDS
 Northern Hemisphere:
 North East Asia
Although in all the north eastern countries of Asia, the main
occupation of the people living near coastal areas is fishing but
three of them USSR, China and Japan are more important in
fishing industry. In northern pacific ocean with cold Kamchatka
current near the coasts of Japan, abundance amount of fish is
available for catch. Fish is favorite food for the people of China and
Japan, so the large amount of fish catch is consumed locally. The big
fish are used for extracting of oil. The main fishing centers of these
areas are Kuril island, Sakhalin and Hokkaido island of Japan. The
common varieties of fish, which are found in these areas are
Salmon, herring, plaice.
IMPORTANT FISHING GROUNDS
 Northern Hemisphere:
 North Western Europe
Most of the western European countries such as Norway, Sweden,
Finland, Germany, France, UK, Denmark, Belgium & Other
countries, where the people living near costal areas their main
occupation is fishing. Here the Gulf stream drift and Arctic drift
and rivers like the Themes the Seine, the Rhine, the Weser, and the
odder bring large quantities of fish food. Modern fishing methods
are employed and well organized marketing is practiced. Norway
and Britain are fishing leaders in this region. The Dogger bank in
Britain is the best fishing ground of this region. Norway is famous
for the catch of cod, but besides this Herring, Haddock, Hake,
Plaice, Halibut are other common varieties.
IMPORTANT FISHING GROUNDS
 Northern Hemisphere:
 North East of North America
The northern eastern coastal areas of north America are also suitable for
the fish growth. Here large amount of fish food called plankton is available,
beside this cool temperate climate and use of modern means of
transportation and marketing facilities the fishing industry of this region
has progressed much. The main fishing centers of this region are
Newfound-land Island, New England, Labrador and Canadian cities of
Halifax, Boston Portland and Montreal.
 North West of North America
The north western coastal areas of USA and eastern coast of Asia in
pacific are also important fishing grounds of catches. The salmon hatch in
the river bring them in the ocean to grow but some back to lay eggs in
rivers. They are thus caught both in important grounds of fishing in this
area. Mackerel, Halibut, squid, shrimp, lobsters are varieties found in this
region.
IMPORTANT FISHING GROUNDS
 Southern Hemisphere:
With the development of long distance fishing techniques, fish stocks in
southern and tropical marine areas are becoming more accessible to the
industrialized countries of the North, thus opening of prospect of a ore
even spread of fishing effort in relation to resources.
Fishing in Southern Hemisphere has not developed in general. The
Northern seas have an apparent superiority over the southern seas in
fisheries. It is due in part to the concentration of land mass and the
associated shelf areas in the Northern Hemisphere and the effects of this
on ocean currents productivity.
Fishing naturally started near land masses where population lived and only
of very remote areas become possible. However, the las few years have
seen a marked increase in fishing activity in the southern waters. In fact, in
recent years the rate of expansion of the catch of the countries of Africa
and Asia has exceeded that of Europe and has been much greater than
that of the North.
FISH PRODUCTION
S. No. Country Production (in million tons)
1 China 17.6
2 Peru 11.6
3 USA 10.4
4 Japan 7.3
5 Chili 6.1
6 Pakistan 4.79
7 India 4.7
8 Russia 3.8
9 Thailand 3.4
10 South Korea 3.3
WORLD TRADE IN FISH
 Main Importers:
o USA
o France
o Germany
o UK

 Main Exporters:
o Canada
o Japan
o Norway
o Peru (in terms of weight)
o Chili