PPT PRESENTATION & SEMINAR

Name - Shalinee Chandra

Sem - 5th
Year - 3rd
Roll - 20101917028
Subject - Pharmacognosy
Topic - Iridoids and Napthaquinones
Conte
Content
1 Iridoids

nt 2 Napthaquinones
 Introduction to
Iridoids and

Topic Napthaquinones
Characteristics

covers Classification of
iridoids and
napthaquinones
Functions and uses
1.Introduction to iridoids:
•Iridoidss are produced by plants as a
defence against infection

•they are isolated from ant species

iridomyrmex genus,in which they
occur as defensive secretion of insects
Chemical structureof
•the first plant iridoid verbenalin,isolated Iridomyrmecin
from Cornus Woody plant.
•lridoids are large group of monoterpenoids

•Terpenes are one of the most important

groups of essential oil

•oxygenated derivatives Terpenoids are

classified as monoterpene,diterpene,
sesquiterpene etc

•these unsaturated molecules composed of

linked Isoprene units(C5H8)
 Characteristics:
•lridoids are large group of monoterpenoids
with a six- membered ring containing
an oxygen atom fused to a cyclopentane
ring called iridane skeleton

•The stereochemical configuration

at C5 and C9 leading to cis fused ring ;
frequently occur in plants combined with
sugar and so are classified as glycosides

•many of them are bitter in taste

Classifications:These are divided into mainly four groups
•Iridoid glycoside(aucubin,harpagoside)

•Non glycoside or simple iridoids( Loganin)

•Secoiridoids(gentiopicroside);oxidative cleavage at 7-8 bond

of the cyclopentane moiety

•Bisiridoids,formed by dimerization of iridoids and secoiridoids.

Extraction :
•Generally extracted from
plants; by using polar solvents
such as alcohol
•further redissolved extract
in water
• then re extracted iridoids with
immiscible solvents of increased
polarity
Identification test: Identified by Trim and Hill colour
reaction,
Iridoids form blue colour when treated with dilute HCl and
copper sulphate reagent.
Functions:
exhibit a wide range of bioactivities - cardiovascular,
antiinflammatory, antispasmodic, antifeedant, antitumor, antiviral
growth inhibitory activities against insects and immunomodulatory
activities.
Examples:
2.Introduction to Napthaquinones:
•Naphthoquinone are found
in plants,microorganisms
and some animal

•chemically naphthoquinone
are the classes of organic
compounds derived from
naphthalene
•Widespread in nature
•Plant families: Plumbagnaceae,
Boraginaceae, Bignoniaceae
Characteristics:
•Commonly occur in the reduced and glycosidic forms
•Coloured compounds: vary between yellow, orange and
brown.
•Almost all are soluble in alcohol, acetone, chloroform,
benzene, DMSO and acetic acid, plumbagin and juglone
are slightly soluble in hot water.
•Napthaquinones are normally exist in mainly two
isomeric forms-
a)1,2-naphthoquinone
b)1,4-naphthoquinone and another one is 2,6-
naphthoquinone ( not very common)
a)1,2-napthaquinones:polycyclic
aromatic organic compounds,
reactive metabolite of naphthalene
•example- vitamin K3
b)1,4-napthaquinones-
•They are yellow to green powder with
an order
•insoluble in water
•reacts with many acids and bases liberating heat and
flammable gases
•also reacts with reducing agent Such as hydrides alkali
metals and nitrites,produces flammable gas and heat.
•plays an important role in the research field
•example-menadione, lawsone,juglone, pthiocol.
Uses: Widely used as colourants, cosmetics, fabrics,
foods and for the medical purposes, including anti-
inflammatory, anti-tumor, antimicrobial agents.
 Conclusion
With the help of the following topics we come to know that-
•Iridoids are related to defence mechanism and help to
protect the plant or insect from where these are secrated
•Napthaquinones are wide spread in nature
and different isomeric forms have different functions and
widely used in cosmetic industry as well as some medical
purposes as anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor and
antimicrobial agents.
Reference:
•Pharmacognosy & phytochemistry/Dr.Kuntal
Das/page-2.100,2.101,2.102,2.103,2.104
•https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iridoid
•https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naphthoqui
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