COMMERCIAL GEOGRAPHY

GLOBAL ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES

Prepared, Designed & Presented by:

Sir Jawwad Khalid Siddiqui
Commerce Teacher

Anees Hussain Coaching Center

UP More North Karachi Campus
 PART - I
WORLD COMMERCIAL GEOGRAPHY
INTRODUCTION OF GEOGRAPHY
 Definition, Meaning & Scope of Geography

 Branches of Geography

 Definition of Commercial Geography

 Scope of Commercial Geography

 Importance of Commercial Geography

DEFINITION, MEANING & SCOPE OF
GEOGRAPHY
 The word Geography is a combination of two words:

o Geo is a Greek word which means “The Earth”.

o Graphy has been derived from the word “Graphen” which means “Description”

Geo

Geography

Graphy
DEFINITION, MEANING & SCOPE OF
GEOGRAPHY
 The study of Geography as a science of the Earth began from very early times. However, its
scope remained limited as its study confined only to the environmental conditions in which the
ancient lived, with the advance of the time man also began to study the effects of environment
on natural things. In those times, therefore, Geography could be defined as:
“The science of description of the physical features of the Earth.”

 The modern Geographer tried their best to make the subject more interesting and useful. They tried to
study geographical facts on scientific basis. The ancient geographer neglected the activities of man on
the Earth, unmindful of the fact that brings thousands of changes for his development and prosperity in
the world. Thus, the modern Geography included the activities of man on the Earth as an essential part
for the study of Geography. So the present definition of Geography are:
“Geography is concerned to provide accurate, orderly and rational description and interpretation
of the variable character of the Earth surface.”
(Ref. Perspective on the nature of Geography, R. Mastshorne, P21)
DEFINITION, MEANING & SCOPE OF
GEOGRAPHY
 “Geography as a branch of knowledge has for its object the description
of the surface of the Earth as evidence of man’s relationship with the
Earth’s surface the home of man.”
(Ref. International Geographical Congress 1908)

 “Geography as a whole is regarded as that department of knowledge

which studies the varied features of the Earth’s surface as the
environment of mankind.”
(Ref. Dr. Scott, Ritter, Ratzel)
BRANCHES OF GEOGRAPHY

Branches of
Geography

Human Physical
Geography Geography
BRANCHES OF GEOGRAPHY
 Human Geography:
Economic Geography, Political Geography, Social Geography,
Cultural Geography, Racial Geography, Statistical Geography, etc.

 Economic Geography:
Commercial Geography, Agricultural Geography, Mineral
Geography, Industrial Geography, Geography of Means of
Transportation, Geography of trade centers.
DEFINITION OF COMMERCIAL GEOGRAPHY

 “Economic Geography is the intellectual interest to the study of

geographical facts relating to Commerce”.
(Ref. G.D Chisholm’s handbook of commercial Geography).

 “Economic Geography is the study of the way man adjusts his

economic activities to the physical environment” (Clime and others)

Thus Economic and Commercial Geography is that branch of human

Geography in which we study the Geography description of production and
distribution of various products required by mankind. therefore, we say that
Economic and Commercial Geography is the Geography of production and
distribution.
DEFINITION OF COMMERCIAL GEOGRAPHY

 While producing any product various factors contribute their effects on production.
Similarly, for distribution of any commodity certain factors exert their influence.
These factors are related to the surroundings of a place of production of articles
required for food, shelter and clothing. One can not distribute the product unless it
is produced, and therefore, Commercial Geography deals with the factors effecting
the distribution of the products.

 Thus the purpose of Economic and Commercial Geography is to study the

relationship between the factors affecting production, and also factors affecting
distribution and their relation with mankind. As the natural resources are unevenly
distributed and therefore, prosperity, development, demands and supply are also
variable, at different places, and the factors influencing the type or pattern of
production and distribution are dissimilar at different place depending upon the
progress of mankind.
SCOPE OF COMMERCIAL GEOGRAPHY
As the purpose and scope of Economic and Commercial Geography is to study the factors
responsible for production and distribution of various commodities, to study the trend of
consumption together with the problems involved. Thus we can say that Economic and Commercial
Geography is mainly concerned with the study of agriculture, minerals, industrial resources and also
means of transportation & trade centers of the World. So more detailed explanation about the
factors of production & distribution are as follows:

 Study of Agricultural Resource

 Study of Mineral Resources

 Study of Industrial Resources

 Study of means of Transportation

 Study of Trade Centers

IMPORTANCE OF COMMERCIAL GEOGRAPHY

Now-a-days Commercial Geography is an important subject not only for the students of
commerce, but it also helps in different fields of life for example:

 For Students

 For Traders

 For Industrialists

 For Agriculturists

 For Economists

 For Bankers

 For Rulers