Electronic Switching

Networks
B.Phanindra Kumar
Asst.Professor
Department of ECE
NRIIT
Statistical Bandwidth Sharing
• The term Statistical bandwidth sharing is used to denote a form
of statistical multiplexing where the rate of concurrent traffic
streams is adjusted automatically to make optimal use of
available bandwidth.

• It also refers to Intelligent Bandwidth or Dynamic Bandwidh

sharing.
Switching
• Manual
• Automatic
• Electromechanical

• Electronic ( Stored Program Control)

• Space Divsion Switching

• Time Division Switching

Network Configurations
• Folded Network

• Non- Folded Network

Elements of a SwitchingSystem
• A Switching system is composed of elements that perform
switching, control and signalling functions.
• The subscriber lines are terminated at the subscriber line
interface circuits and trunks at the trunk interface circuits.
• Service lines are used for maintenance and testing purposes.
• Junctor circuits imply a folded connention for local subscribers
and the service circuits.
• Line scanning units sense and obtain signalling information
from the respective lines.
Elements of a SwitchingSystem
• Distributor units send out signallinginformation on the
respective lines.
• Operator Console permits interaction with the switching system
for maintenance and administrative purposes.
• Direct Control Switching System
• Common Control Switching System
Electronic Exchange
• Dial up lines

• ON HOOK-OFF HOOK

• Pulse Touch- Tone Dialling

• Leased Lines
Private Branch Exchange
• PBX is a telephone switch that is physically located at a
private-end user location.
• PBX technique uses a technique called time division
multiplexing ( TDM) to sample multiple incoming media
signals.
• PBX Components:
• Common Control
• Switching Matrix
• Trunks
• Terminals
Telephone Networks
• A Telecommunication network consists of the following
major systems:

• Subscriber end systems

• Switching systems

• Subscriber loop systems

• Transmission systems

• Signalling systems
Subscriber LoopSystems

• Every subscriber in a telephone network is connected to the nearest switching office by means of

dedicated pair of wires known as Subscriberloop.

• Generally four levels of cabling areused:

• Branch feeder

• Distribution point

• Distribution cable

• Drop wires
Switching Hierarchy andRouting
• Three basic topologies are adopted for interconnecting exchanges:

• Mesh
• Star
• Hierarchy

• Routing Methods:

• Right-through routing
• Own-exchange routing
• Computer- controlled routing
Transmission Systems
• Radio systems

• Coaxial cable systems

• Optical fiber systems

Numbering Plan
• The numbering plan is used to uniquely identify every
suscriber connected to a telecommunication network.

• Subscriber Trunk Dialling (STD)

• International Subscriber Dialling (ISD)

• A numbering plan may be open, semi-open or closed.

Charging Plan
• A charging plan for a telecommunication service has three
different charges on a subscriber:
• An initial charge for providing a network connection.
• A rental or leasing charge.
• Charges for individual calls made.
• Charging for individual calls fall under two broad categories:
• Duration independent charging
• Duration dependent charging
Signalling Techniques
• The signalling technique link the variety of switching
transmission s systems, and
systems
telecommunication subscriber
network to enable equipments
the network in as
to function
a whole. a
•There are three forms of signalling involved in a
telecommunication network:

• Subscriber loop signalling

• Intraexchange or register signalling
• Interexchange signalling
Signalling Techniques

• Inchannel signalling is also known as per trunk signalling and

it uses the same channel which carries usre voice or data to
pass control signals related to that call or connection.No
additional facilities are required.
• Common Channel signalling (CCS) does not use the speech
or data path for signalling. It uses a seperate common
channel for passing control signals for a group of trunks or
information paths.