Xenophobia

Reported Speech
Class objectives

 Learning objective: To be able to effectively report

statements when talking about xenophobia.

 Communicative: Using reported speech to diversify

speaking capability.

 Strategy: Reading and speaking about xenophobia.

Let’s Play!
1. What is the past tense of: Say, Tell, Reply, Ask, Argue, Think?

2. Students stand in a circle, and teacher throws a ball to one student

and will ask a question about the definition of Xenophobia.
3. Then, once an answer is given, teacher throws the ball to another
student. Then, the second student reports what the first student said
using one of the verbs above.
 What is xenophobia?

 “Xenophobia is the dislike of or prejudice against people

from other countries.” (Oxford Living Dictionaries)

 Can you think of stereotypes that would result in

Xenophobia?
 Some international stereotypes that
provoke xenophobia:
Nationality Stereotype
All Iraqis are… Sell drugs
All Americans are… Are a part of the mafia/mobs
All Colombians… Hate Jews
All Germans… Terrorists
All Russians and Italians… Pray to many Gods
All Indians… Invasive
 Worksheet

 Read an article about

xenophobia, highlight
new vocabulary, and
underline examples of
Direct Speech.
 Answer the two questions
from your worksheet
using Reported Speech.
What is Reported Speech?

Reported speech is when you re-tell information to another person that was initially told to you
by someone else.

Person 1
John: Andrea did you hear? Diego told me that…
Person 2 Person 3

We use reported speech to share information from

newspaper articles, every day conversations, or gossip.
 How to make Reported Speech?
Aspects to consider: #1 Tense change
When converting Direct Speech to Reported Speech, we change the tense of the verb.

Direct Speech Reported Speech

Am / is ➙ Was
Are ➙ Were
Has / have + participle ➙ Had + participle
Worked (Regular verb in present) ➙ Worked (Regular verb in past)
Go (Irregular verb in present) ➙ Went (Irregular verb in past)
 Examples
Direct speech Reported Speech

Present simple Past simple

"It is cold.” She said that it was cold.

Present continuous Past continuous

"I am teaching English online." She said that she was teaching English
online.

Present Perfect Past perfect

"I have visited different countries.” She said that she had visited different
countries.
 Examples
Direct speech Reported Speech

Past simple Past perfect

"It was easy to understand.” She said that it had been easy to
understand.

Past continuous Past perfect continuous

"I was working yesterday night." She said that she had been working
yesterday night.

Past Perfect Past perfect (No Change)

"I hadn’t traveled there before.” She said that she hadn’t traveled there
before.
 How to make Reported Speech?
Aspects to consider: #2 Personal Pronouns
When converting Direct Speech to Reported Speech, we change these elements according to the context.

Personal Object
Pronouns Pronouns He told me that he was sick

I ➙ Me They said to her that she was not admitted.

You ➙ You
We told him that she had been busy.
He ➙ Him
She said to them that she had been working all
She ➙ Her night long.
It ➙ It
You told us that she was working at nights.
We ➙ Us
They ➙ Them
 How to make Reported Speech?
Aspects to consider: #3 Time & Place Words
When converting Direct Speech to Reported Speech, we change these elements according to the context.
Time Place
now ➙ then here ➙ there
today ➙ that day this ➙ that
this week ➙ that week these ➙ those
tomorrow ➙ the next day
Person A:
yesterday ➙ the day before We will meet here tomorrow, ok?
last week ➙ the week before
Person B:
They said that we would meet there the next day.
How to report Simple Questions (Yes/No) with
Reported Speech

We report Yes/No Questions using

IF as a connector:

The dog asked me if I was OK.

Let’s practice reporting Yes/No
Questions!
How to report Wh-Questions with
Reported Speech
 We report Wh-Questions using
What/Where/When/Why/How/Who etc.
as a connector.

 Never use Auxiliaries (Do/Does) when

reporting.

 Never use the question mark (?) when

reporting.

Example: He asked me where I lived.

Let’s practice reporting Wh-Questions!
Continue with worksheet
Watch this video and complete exercise 2 in your worksheet.
Let’s watch a video!
 Watch the following video clip. Then, complete exercise 3 on
your worksheet. Click here to watch the video.
Answer key – Situation #1
1. Xenophobia is the fear or violence against something
that is strange or foreign.
2. There has been a spike of violence against Muslims.
3. Neo-Nazi’s placing the Nazi Flag next to Holocaust
Museum./The Japanese placing a Japanese Exhibit next
to Pearl Harbor./We will never accept a Mosque next to
WTC.
4. The United States can be known as the Land of the
Intolerant.
5. Rise in Xenophobic events relating to Muslims.
Answer key – Situation #2

1. Violence against Non-South Africans in major cities

within South Africa.
2. The major cities that are having this issues are
Pretoria and Johannesburg.
3. Native South Africans are attacking foreigners
because NSA feel that they are taking their jobs.
4. Marching 10,00 strong against the rise of Xenophobia
in South Africa.
5. They will be killed/They will be attacked and beaten
nearly to death. /They will be robbed and left for
death.
Let’s Gossip!
Write something NICE about someone in the class on a piece of
paper and give it to your teacher.
The teacher will choose someone to read your note aloud in
reported speech so please be careful about your gossips!