LEARNER-

CENTERED
PRINCIPLES
ACTIVITY

 Working by group, come up with one philosophy

or principle in teaching that facilitates learning.
14 PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS THAT
AFFECT TEACHING AND LEARNING
 COGNITIVE AND METACOGNITIVE
FACTORS

1. Nature of the learning process

2. Goals of the learning process
3. Construction of knowledge
4. Strategic thinking
5. Thinking about thinking
6. Context of learning
 MOTIVATIONAL AND AFFECTIVE
FACTORS

7. Motivational and emotional influences

on learning
8. Intrinsic motivation to learn
9. Effects of motivation and effort
 DEVELOPMENTAL AND SOCIAL
FACTORS

10. Developmental influences on learning

11. Social influences on learning
 INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES FACTORS

12. Individual differences in learning

13. Learning and diversity
14. Standards and assessment
PRINCIPLES OF GOOD TEACHING
(BASED ON THE EDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHY OF JOHN DEWEY)

 Teaching is good when it is based on the psychology

of learning.
 Teaching is good when it is well-planned.

 Teaching is good when the learners are made

conscious of the goal or aims to be accomplished.
 Teaching is good when it provides learning
experiences or situations that will ensure
understanding.
 Teaching is good when there is provision to meet
individual differences.
 Teaching is good when it utilizes the past
experiences of the learner.
 Teaching is good when the learner is stimulated to
think and to reason.
 Teaching is good when it is governed by democratic
principles.
 Teaching is good when the strategy used is
supplemented by another method and instructional
devices.
 Teaching is good when drill and evaluation are made
integral parts of teaching and learning.
BASIC PRINCIPLES OF TODAY’S TEACHING
 Children learn by doing.

 Motivation should be intrinsic and natural.

 Learning should be gradual and continuous.

 Instruction should be adopted to individual needs.

 Natural social settings should constitute learning

situations.
 Learning depends upon the child’s ability.

 Learning comes from sense impressions.

 The child can be best educated as a whole.

 Teacher-pupil and inter-pupil relationship should

be cooperative.

 Education means improving the quality of

learning.
 “A teacher is a very special
person who uses his or her creativity
and inquiring mind to develop the
rare talent of encouraging others
to think,
to dream,
to learn,
to try,
to do!”
-Beverly Conklin