Sei sulla pagina 1di 23

I.7.

Further ORGANELLES
Endoplazmic reticulum,
Golgi-apparatus, lysosomes,
peroxisomes, mitochondria
What do you know about the structure and function of the ROUGH
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM?
What do you know about the structure and function of the SMOOTH
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM?
What do you know about the structure and function of the GOLGI
APPARATUS?
What do you know about the structure and function of the LYSOSOMES AND
PEROXISOMES?
What do you know about the origin, structure and function (shortly) of the
MITOCHONDRION?
Please summarise the main processes of the cellular respiration!
What are reactive free radicals (ROS), and what sources of the do you know?
Rough
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
(RER or GER)

Functions:
• Translation – protein synthesis (ribosomes)
• Posttranslational modification of proteins
(phosphorilation, glycosylation, lipidilation, foldings,
disulphide bounds, etc)
• Packaging proteins into vesicles and pass on Golgi
Smooth
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
(SER, AER)

Functions:
• manufacturing of lipids (phospholipids, glycolipids, cholesterol)
• Ca2+ storage (muscle tissue)
• Detoxifying a number of organic chemicals converting them to
safer water-soluble products.
• Enables glycogen to be broken down to glucose (glycogenolysis)
Functions:
• warehousing, converting, concentrating and shipping
cellular products arriving from ER
• further PTM of proteins
• produce vesicles for secreting substances (regulated and contigno
• produce lysosomes
Lysosomes and Peroxisomes—The Cellular Digestive System
Lysosomes contain
enzymes for degrading proteins,
nucleic acids, and polysaccharides

Function:
-digest foreign bacteria
-helping to recycle receptor proteins
and other membrane components
- degrading worn out organelles such
as mitochondria

Peroxisomes often resemble a


Peroxisomes contain lysosome. However, peroxisomes
are self replicating, whereas
enzymes concerned with lysosomes are formed in the Golgi
oxygen utilization complex.

Function:
to rid the body of toxic
substances, such as hydrogen
peroxide, or other metabolites
Mitochondria
„the power generators of the cell”

C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O


net: 32 ATP / glucose
The endosymbiotic origin of the
mitochondria
Remember: CATABOLIC reactions BREAK DOWN food
molecules and release energy and chemicals for further use.

aerobic
respiration

anaerobic
respiration
Processes of the cellular respiration

C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O


Where the final, more significant ATP production
does occur during cell respiration?

Oxidative phosphorylation
Reactive free radicals
(ROS)
How to make a three parent baby?

NUCLEAR
TRANSFER

MOTHER 1 MOTHER 2

IN VITRO
FERTILISATION

FATHER
Baby born from three parent
technique

Potrebbero piacerti anche