INTRODUCTORY HYDROGRAPHIC

SURVEYING
SUG 250
What is Hydrography…?
Hydrographic Survey ???
Hydrographic Survey
Hydrographic Survey
 Hydrography
Definition
• Hydrography focuses on the measurement of physical characteristics of
waters and marginal land.
• In the generalized usage, hydrography pertains to measurement and
description of any waters.
• In specialized usage, hydrography pertains to those measurements and
descriptions of navigable waters necessary for safe navigation of vessels.
Definition

• The measurement and description of the physical features and

conditions of navigable waters and adjoining coastal areas, including
oceans, rivers, and lakes.
• It involves geodesy, physical oceanography, marine geology,
geophysics, photogrammetry (in coastal areas), remote sensing, and
marine cartography.
• Basic parameters observed during a hydrographic survey are time,
geographic position, depth of water, and bottom type.
• However, observation, analysis, and prediction of tides and currents
area are also normally included in order to reduce depth
measurements to a common vertical datum.
 Definition

• Hydrographic measurements will include the tidal, current and wave

information of physical oceanography.
• They will include bottom measurements, with particular emphasis on
those marine geographical features that cause a hazard to navigation
such as rocks, shoals, reefs and other features that obstruct ship
passage.
• Unlike oceanography, hydrography will include shore features, natural
and manmade, that aid in navigation.
• A hydrographic survey will therefore include accurate positions and
representations of hills, mountains and even lights and towers that will
aid in fixing a ship's position as well as the aspects of the sea and
seabed.
 Definition

• A principal objective of hydrography is to provide for safe navigation and

protection of the marine environment through the production of up-to-date
nautical charts and related publications.
• In addition, hydrographic data are essential to a large number of other
activities such as global studies, for example, shoreline erosion and
sediment transport studies; coastal construction; delimitation of maritime
boundaries; environmental protection and pollution control; exploration and
exploitation of marine resources, both living and nonliving; and development
of marine geographic information systems (GIS)
The Nautical Chart

The Nautical Chart is one of the most fundamental tools available to

the mariner. Charts are available in various formats.
A Nautical Chart is a graphic portrayal of the marine environment
showing the nature and form of the coast, the general configuration of
the sea bottom including water depths, locations of dangers to
navigation, locations and characteristics of man-made aids to
navigation and other features useful to the mariner.
The Nautical Chart is essential for safe navigation. In conjunction with
supplemental navigational aids, it is used by the mariner to lay out
courses and navigate ships by the shortest and most economically
safe route.
 What is the difference between a Nautical Chart and a Map?

A nautical chart, especially a A map, on the other hand,

nautical chart, has special unique
characteristics including a very
detailed and accurate
representation of the coastline,
which takes into account varying
tidal levels and water forms,
critical to a navigator.
emphasizes land forms, including
the representation of relief, with
shoreline represented as an
approximate delineation usually at
mean sea level.
 What is the difference between a Nautical Chart and a Map?
A nautical chart is a working
document. It is used to plot
courses for navigators to follow in
order to transit a certain area It
takes into account special
conditions required for one's
vessel, such as draft, bottom
clearance, wrecks and
obstructions which can be
hazardous. Way points are
identified to indicate relative
position and points at which
specific maneuver such as
changing courses, must be
performed.
A map on the other hand is a
static document which serves as a
reference guide. A map is not,
and can not be used to plot a
course. Rather it provides a
predetermined course, usually a
road, path, etc., to be followed.
Special consideration for the type
of vehicle is rarely a
consideration. Further, maps
provide predetermined points-
road intersections-to allow one a
choice to change to another
predetermined direction
 What is the difference between a Nautical Chart and a Map?
Nautical Charts provide detailed
information on the area beneath
the water surface, normally not
visible to the naked eye, which can
and is very critical for the safe and
efficient navigation.
Maps just indicate a surface path
providing no information of the
condition of the road. For
instance a map will not provide
information on whether the road
is under repair (except when it is
a new road) or how many pot
holes or other obstructions it may
contain. However the driver is
able to make a visual assessment
of such conditions.
nautical chart
nautical chart
nautical chart
nautical chart
A Typical Single-beam Echo Sounding Plan
Bathymetric Map
Bathymetric Map
Bathymetric Map