RIZAL’S

SECOND TRIP
TO EUROPE

1
 1.
Rizal in London
1888-1889

2
 Rizal in London
⬗ After visiting the United States, Rizal lived in London
from May 1888 to March 1889
⬗ He chose London to be his new home for 3 reasons:
1. to improve his knowledge of the English
language
2. to study & annotate Morga's Sucesos de las Islas
Filipinas
3. London was a safe place for him to carry on his
fight against Spanish tyranny
3
 Trip Across the
Atlantic
⬗ On board the ship, City of
Rome.
⬗ While on board, Rizal
entertained the American
and European passengers
with his marvelous skill of anchor
the yoyo as a defensive
liner s.s
weapon
“city of
4
rome”
 Life in London
⬗ On May 25, 1888, Rizal went to London.
⬗ He stayed as a guest at the home of Dr.
Antonio Ma. Regidor, a wealthy man and a
practicing lawyer who was exiled on 1872.
⬗ By the end of May, he found a modest
boarding place at No. 37 Chalcot, Crescent, antonio ma.
Primrose Hill. regidor
⬗ He was a boarder of the Beckett Family.
⬗ Rizal had a romantic interlude with the eldest
daughter of Beckett Family - Gertrude.
⬗ He affectionately called her Gettie while she
fondly call him Pettie. beckett
5
family
 ⬗ Rizal came to know Dr. Reinfold Rost
⬗ Dr. Rost was the librarian of the Ministry
of Foreign Affairs and an authority on
Malayan Language and customs.
⬗ He was also impressed by Rizal’s
teaming and character and he gladly
recommended Rizal to the authorities of
the British Museums.
⬗ He called Rizal a “Pearl of Man”. dr.
reinfold
rost
6
 News from Home
Bad News
⬗ Persecution of the FIlipino patriots who signed the “Anti-Friar petition 1888”
⬗ Persecution of Calamba tenants
⬗ Furious attacks on Rizal by Senators Salamanca and Vida in the Spanish
Cortes and Wenceslao Retana and Pablo Feced in Spanish newspaper.
⬗ A friend of Rizal, Laureano Viado, a medical student at UST, was arrested
and jailed in bilibid prison because of the copies of Noli that were found in
his house.
⬗ Rizal’s brother in law, Manuel T. Hidalgo, husband of Saturnina was exiled
by Governor General Weyler to Bohol without due process of law.

7
 News from Home
Good News
⬗ One good news that cheered up Rizal is that, Rev. Vicente Garcia’s
defense of the Noli against the attacks of the friars.
⬗ Rizal heard this good news from Mariano Ponce.

8
 Annotating Morga’s Book

⬗ The greatest achievement of Rizal in London was the

Annotating of Morga’s Book, Sucessos de Las Islas
Filipinas which was published in Mexico, 1609.

9
 Short Visit to Paris and Spain

⬗ Early in September 1888, Rizal visited Paris for a

week in order to search more historical materials
Bibliotheque Nationale.
⬗ On December 11, 1888, went to Madrid and
Barcelona, Spain. For the first time, Rizal met
Marcelo H. Del Pilar and Mariano Ponce, the two
titans of propaganda movement.

10
 Christmas in London (1888)
⬗ Rizal returned to London on December 24 and spent
Christmas and New Year with the Becketts.
⬗ To his friend, Dr. Carlos Czepelak, Rizal gave as a
Christmas gift a bust of Julius Cesar.
⬗ To his friend, Blumentritt, he gave as a Christmas gift a
bust of Emperor Augustus which he had made.
⬗ Rizal’s Landlady, Mrs. Beckett, gave him as Christmas
Gift a book entitled The Life and Adventures of Valentine
Vox, the Ventriloquist.

11
 Rizal becomes the Leader of Filipinos in Europe

⬗ By unanimous vote of all the members, Rizal was

chosen honorary president of society called,
Asociacion La Solidaridad (Solidaridad association)

12
 Rizal and the La Solidaridad Newspaper

⬗ On February 15, 1889, Graciano Lopez Jaena founded patriotic

newspaper called La Solidaridad in Barcelona, Spain.
⬗ La Solidaridad aims:
 To work peacefully for political and social reforms.
 To portray the deplorable conditions of the Philippines so that the
Spain may remedy them.
 To oppose the evil forces of reaction and medievalism.
 To advocate liberal ideas and progress.
 To champion the legitimate aspirations of the Filipino people to life,
democracy and happiness.

13
 Rizal’s First Article in La Solidaridad

⬗ It was entitled Los Agricultores Filipinos (The Filipino

Farmers)
⬗ It was published on March 25, 1889, six days after he
left London for Paris.

14
 Writings in London
⬗ Rizal wrote the famous “Letter to the Young Women
of Malolos”
⬗ He penned it, upon the request of Marcelo H. Del
Pilar to praise the young ladies of Malolos for their
courage to establish a school where they could learn
Spanish, despite opposition of Father Felipe Garcia,
Spanish parish priest of Malolos.

15
 ⬗ Dr. Frost, editor of Trubner’s Record, a journal
devoted to Asian studies request Rizal to contribute
some articles.
⬗ In response to his request, Rizal prepared two
articles which were published in June 1889.
 Specimen of Tagal Folklore
 Two Eastern Fables

16
 ⬗ Before Leaving London, Rizal finished four sculpture
works

a composite
carving of
the heads
of the
beckett
the
the sisters
prometheus triumph
triumph
bound of
17 of
 2.
Rizal’s Second Sojourn
In Paris And The
Universal Exposition
Of 1889
1889

18
 Difficulty of Finding Quarters

⬗ The Universal Exposition of 1889 attracted thousands of tourists; thus,

all hotel accommodations were taken.

Rizal and Paris Exposition Of 1889

⬗ The greatest attraction of this exposition was the Eiffel Tower
⬗ International Art Competition in the Exposition
 Felix Hidalgo = 2nd prize
 Juan Luna & Felix Pardo de Tavera = 3rd prize
 Rizal’s bust = no prize

19
 KIDLAT CLUB
⬗ Purely a social society of a
temporary nature
⬗ It was founded by Rizal to
bring together young Filipinos
in the French capital so that
they could enjoy their sojourn
in the city during the duration
kidlat club
of the Universal Exposition.
⬗ It will disappear like lightning
20
 INDIOS BRAVOS
⬗ Rizal and the members of the Kidlat Club were amazed to see the Buffalo Bull
show which featured the American Indians
⬗ These Red skinned Indians were proudly riding their sturdy ponies, elegantly
dressed in their native attire and wearing their war feathers and paints.
⬗ Rizal told his friends:
 Let us be proud of the name Indio and make our Spanish enemies revise
their conception of the term
 We shall be Indios Bravos
 The Indios Bravos (brave Indians) replaced the ephemeral Kidlat Club.
⬗ Members pledged to excel in intellectual and physical prowess in order to win
the admiration of the foreigners, particularly the Spaniards.
 They practiced with great enthusiasm the use of the sword and the pistol.
 Rizal taught them judo, an Asian art of self-defense that he learned in
Japan.
21
 R.D.L.M. SOCIETY
⬗ The letters R.D.L.M. are believed to be the initials of the society’s secret name
Redencion de los Malayos (Redemption of the the Malays).
⬗ It was patterned after Freemasonry
⬗ The aim of the secret society, as stated by Rizal was the “propagation of all
useful knowledge – scientific, artistic, literary, etc. – in the Phil.”
⬗ Rizal was inspired by a famous book entitled Max Havelaar written by
Multatuli. This book exposed the miserable conditions of the oppressed Malay
inhabitants of the Netherlands East Indies under Dutch Rules
⬗ Letter to Blumentritt:
 Revealed his intentions to be a leader of freedom, if not in the Philippines,
then in Borneo.
 If it is impossible for me to give freedom to my country, at least I should
like to give it to these noble compatriots in other lands.
22
 ANNOTATED EDITION OF MORGA PUBLISHED
⬗ Blumentritt censured Rizal for two things which revealed Rizal’s errors,
namely:
 Rizal commits the error of many historians in appraising the events of the
past in the light of present standards
 Rizal’s attack on the Church were unfair and unjustified because the
abuses of the friars should not be construed to mean the Catholicism is
bad.
⬗ Rizal dedicated his new edition of Morga to the Filipino people so that they
would know of their glorious past. His dedication is as follows:
Born and reared in ignorance of our past like almost all of you: without voice nor
authority to speak of what we have not seen nor studied I deemed it necessary to
invoke the testimony of an Illustrious Spaniard who controlled the destinies of the
Philippines at the beginning of its new era and personally witnessed the last days
of our ancient nationality.
23
 ANNOTATED EDITION OF MORGA PUBLISHED

⬗ Rizal proved that the Filipinos were already civilized before the advent of
Spain
 They had clothes, government, laws, writing, literature, religion, arts,
sciences, and commerce with neighboring Asian nations.
 Rizal blasted the historical heresies of the Spanish
writers who claimed that the early Filipinos were savages
and were of low mentality.

24
 THE PHILIPPINES WITHIN A CENTURY

⬗ In this article, Rizal predicted with

amazing accuracy the tragic end
of Spain’s sovereignty in Asia.
⬗ Colonies established to subserve
the policy and commerce of the
sovereign country, all eventually
become independent

25
 THE INDOLENCE OF THE FILIPINOS
⬗ It is an able defense of the alleged indolence of the
Filipinos.
⬗ Rizal made a critical study of the causes why his
people did not work hard during the Spanish regime.
⬗ His main thesis: Filipinos are not by nature indolent
⬗ The Spanish conquest of the country brought about a
decline in economic activities because the Filipinos
had abandoned their pre-Spanish industries and
worked less than their ancestors

26
 THE INDOLENCE OF THE FILIPINOS
⬗ Such decline in economic life was due to certain causes:
 Native revolts and other internal disorders which followed the establishment of Spanish
rule
 The wars which the Filipinos fought for Spain’s enemies
 The frightful raids on the coastal towns and village of Christian Philippines by the Muslim
pirates of Mindanao and Sulu
 The forced labor which compelled thousands of Filipino laborers to work in public works
resulting in the abandonment of their personal works
 Lack of stimulus to work harder because the people could not enjoy the fruits of their labor
 Government neglect and indifference to agriculture, industry, and commerce
 The bad example shown by the Spaniards in despising manual labor
 The teaching of Spanish missionaries that it is easier for a poor man to enter heaven than
for a rich man, hence the Filipinos prefer not to work and be poor so that they could easily
enter heaven after they die
 Encouragement and propagation of gambling by the Spanish authorities
 System of Spanish education did not promote economic enterprise and activity

27
 THE INDOLENCE OF THE FILIPINOS

⬗ Filipinos are easy going and do not work so hard

because they are wise enough to adjust themselves to
their warm, tropical climate.
 They do not have to kill themselves working
hard in order to live because nature gives them
abundant harvests by working less than those in
temperate and arid countries.

28
 INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF FILIPINOLOGISTS

⬗ The aim of the association is to study the Philippines

from the scientific and historical point of view
⬗ Their inaugural convention did not materialize
because the French government discouraged the
holding of conferences by private organizations
during the period of the international exposition.

29
 PROJECT FOR FILIPINO COLLEGE IN HONGKONG

⬗ This College aims to “train and educate men of good

family and financial means in accordance with the
demands of modern times and circumstances”
⬗ A rich Filipino resident in Paris, Mr. Mariano
Cunanan, from Mexico, Pampanga, promised to help
him raise P40,000 as initial capital for the college.
⬗ This project of Rizal to establish a modern college in
Hong Kong did not materialize

30
 POR TELEFONO
⬗ This satirical pamphlet under the authorship of “Dimas Alang” is
a witty satire which ridicules Fr. Font.
 It describes in comical vein a telephone conversation
between Fr. Font who was in Madrid and the father
provincial of the San Agustin Convent in Manila.
⬗ Rizal predicted much ahead of his times that people could carry
on overseas telephonic conversations --- 12 years after the
publication of Rizal’s “Por Telefono.”

31
 3.
In Belgian,
Brussels
`1890-1891

32
 Life in Brussels
⬗ Two reasons impelled Rizal to leave Paris
1. The cost of living in Paris was very high because of the Universal
Exposition
2. The gay social life of the city hampered his literary works.
⬗ Rizal was busy writing his second novel and writing articles for La
Solidaridad.
⬗ M.H. Del Pilar and Valentin Ventura thought that he left because he
was running away from a girl. Ventura generously invited him to live
with him in Paris without paying rent.
⬗ Accompanied by Jose Alberto, they lived in a modest boarding house.

33
 Life in Brussels
⬗ They stayed in a boarding house at 38 Rue
Philippe Champagne. Rizal lived in this house
when he wrote his novel ‘El Filibusterismo’ in
1890-1891 The boarding house is run by two
Jacoby sisters named Suzanne and Marie.
⬗ Rizal spent his time writing his second novel, El jose
Filibusterismo. alberto,
⬗ He also wrote articles for La Solidaridad and rizal’s
letter for his family and friends.
uncle
⬗ He also spent his remaining time doing
gymnastic in the gymnasium, target practice
and fencing at the armory.
rue
34
 Articles written in La Solidaridad
during his stay in Brussels
⬗ “A La Defensa” (To La Defensa), April 30, 1889.
⬗ “La verdad Para Todos” ( The Truth For All), May 31, 1889.
⬗ “Vicente Barrantes’(Teatro Tagalo) June 15, 18889
⬗ “Una Profanacion” (A Profanation), July 31, 1889
⬗ “Verdades Nuevas” (New Truths), July 31, 1889
⬗ “Crueldad” (Cruelty), August 15, 1889
⬗ “Differencias” (Differences), September 15, 1889
⬗ “Inconsequencias” (Inconsequences), November 30, 1889
⬗ “Llanto y Risas” (Tears and Laughters), November 30, 1889
⬗ “Ingratitudes” (Ingratitude), January 15, 1890

35
 New Orthography Of Tagalog Language
⬗ The tagalog letters k and w should be used instead of the Spanish c
and o.
Salacot = salakot/ arao = araw
⬗ Rizal adapted the Filipinized tagalog in his translations of Schiller’s
Wilhelm Tell and Andresen’s Fairy Tale
⬗ Rizal gave credit to Dr. Trinidad H. Pardo de Tavera’s work El
Sanscrito en Lengua Tagala
“I put this on record so that when the history of this orthography is
traced, which is already being enlightened Tagalists, that what is
Caesar’s be given to Caesar. This innovation is due solely to Dr.
Pardo de Tavera’s studies on Tagalismo. I was one of its most zealous
propagandists”
36
 Rizal Criticizes Madrid Filipinos for Gambling
⬗ Rizal’s letter to del Pilar:
 Luna in Paris complains of the gambling of the Filipinos in
Madrid
 We are serving the friars’ scheme
 Filipinos do not come to Europe to gamble and to amuse
himself but to work for his liberty and for the dignity of his
race.
 We in whom the poor people place their modest hopes.
⬗ The gambling Filipinos in Madrid were angry when they learned
of Rizal’s moralizing. They derisively called him “Papa” (Pope)
instead of “Pepe”.
37
 Bad News from Home
⬗ The Calamba agrarian trouble was getting worse.
⬗ The management of the Dominican Hacienda continually raised the land
rents until such time that Rizal’s father refused to pay his rent.
 The Dominican Order filed a suit in court to dispossess the Rizal family
of their lands in Calamba.
 Tenants were persecuted
⬗ Jose’s letter to Soledad
 I have caused much harm to our family, but at least there remains to us
the consolation of knowing that the motive is not disgraceful nor does it
humiliate any body.
 It raises us up and gives us more dignity in the eyes of our enemies
themselves; to fall with the head high and the brow serene is not to fall,
it is to triumph.
 The sad thing is to fall with the stain of dishonor.
38
 Presentiment of Death
⬗ Rizal had a bad dreams during the night in Brussels.
⬗ He feared that we would not live long.
⬗ He was not afraid to die, but he wanted to finish his second
novel before he went to his grave.
⬗ Letter to del Pilar:
 In my childhood I had a strange belief that I would not
reach 30 years of age.
 I am preparing myself for death and for any eventuality.
 Laong Laan (Ever Ready) is my true name

39
 Preparation to Go Home
⬗ He could not stay in Brussels writing a book while his family are
persecuted
⬗ Letter to Ponce:
 Graciano Lopez Jaena shold not got to Cuba but to our
country to allow himself to be killed in defense of his ideals.
We have only once to die, and if we do not die well, we lose
an opportunity which will not again be presented to us.
 I want to go back to the Philippines. We are not making any
progress by following prudence.

40
 Decision to Go to Madrid
⬗ Rizal ignored the dire warning of his friends to return to the
Philippines. No threat of danger could change his plan
 Something happened that suddenly made him change his
plan. It was a letter from Paciano which related that they lost
the case against the Dominicans in Manila, but they
appealed it to the Supreme Court in Spain
 A lawyer was needed to handle it in Madrid
⬗ Rizal wrote to del Pilar retaining the latter’s services as lawyer.
Jose informed del Pilar that he was going to Madrid to supervise
the handling of the case.

41
 To My Muse
⬗ A poem that represents Jose’s worries on the disasters
experienced by his family. It is because of his
disappointment over the half-hearted attitude of the Filipino
expatriates working for the reforms in Spain.

One by one they have passed on,

All I loved and moved among;
Dead or married—from me gone,
For all I place my heart upon
By fate adverse are stung.

42
 Romance with Petite Jacoby

⬗ Two things brought some measure of

cheer to the despondent Rizal, as he was
preparing for his trip to Madrid
1. summertime festival in Belgium, which
was celebrated in carnival style
(colorful costumes, fantastic floats and
many days of merriment)
2. romance with Petite Jacoby, niece of
his landladies petite
suzanne
jacoby
43
 Romance with Petite Jacoby
⬗ Leaving Brussels, Rizal left the young Suzanne a box of
chocolates.
⬗ Two months later, Suzanne wrote a letter to Dr. Rizal,
saying:
“After your departure, I did not take the chocolate. The box is
still intact as on the day of your parting. Don’t delay too long
writing us because I wear out the soles of my shoes for running
to the mailbox to see if there is a letter from you. There will
never be any home in which you are so loved as in that in
Brussels, so, you little bad boy, hurry up and come back…”

44
 Romance with Petite Jacoby
⬗ In another letter
“You wish me all kinds of luck, but forget that in the absence of a beloved
one a tender heart cannot feel happy. A thousand things serve to distract
your mind, my friend; but in my case, I am sad, lonely, always alone with my
thoughts – nothing, absolutely nothing relieves my sorrow. Are you coming
back”
⬗ To her surprise, Rizal returned to Brussels by the middle of April 1891
and stayed again in the Jacoby’s boarding house. Rizal’s return
however was not specifically for Suzanne for the hero just busied
himself revising and finalizing the manuscript of El Fili for publication.
⬗ On July 5, 1891, Rizal bade goodbye to Brussels and Suzanne, never to
come back again in Belgium and in her arms.

45
 4.
Misfortunes
in
Madrid
1890

46
 Failure to Get Justice For Family
⬗ Upon arrival in Madrid, Rizal sought the help of the Filipino colony, The
Associacion Hispano-Filipina, and Liberal Spanish Newspapers in
securing justice for the oppressed Calamba tenants and his family
⬗ Together with del Pilar (his lawyer) and Dr. Dominador Gomez
(secretary of the Asociacion Hispano-Filipina):
1. Jose called on the Minister of Colonies (Señor Fabie) in order to
protest the injustices committed by Gov.-Gen. Valeriano Weyler
and the Dominicans against the Calamba Folks.
2. Nothing came out of Rizal’s interview with Minister Fabie
⬗ El Resumen (Spanish Newspaper)
1. Sympathized with the Filipino cause
2. Said: “To cover the ears, open the purse, and fold the arms –this is
the Spanish colonial policy.”
47
 Failure to Get Justice For Family
⬗ More terrible news:
 Ejectment order by the Dominicans against Francisco Rizal and
other Calamba tenants. Their parents had been forcibly ejected
from their home
 Deportation of some of his family members, including Paciano to
Mindoro.
 Rizal sought the aid of the liberal Spanish statesmen. Jose was
disappointed –the statesmen merely gave him honeyed words of
sympathy and nothing else.
 Blumentritt urged Jose to see Queen Regent Maria Cristina. But
Jose doesn’t have powerful friends to bring him to her nor gold to
grease the palms of influential courtiers

48
 Aborted Duel With Antonio Luna
⬗ Luna was drunk in one of the social reunions of Filipinos in
Madrid.
⬗ Luna was bitter because of his frustrated romance with Nellie
Boustead. He was blaming Rizal for his failure to win her.
Although Rizal had previously explained to him that he had
nothing to do about it. Because of jealousy and the effects of
alcohol, Luna uttered certain unsavory remarks about Nellie.
⬗ Rizal, with high sense of chivalry, could not tolerate any slur
against the honor of any woman. Angered by the slanderous
remarks, he challenged Luna to a duel.

49
 Rizal Challenges Retana to Duel
⬗ Wenceslao Retana
- A talented Spanish scholar, was then a press
agent of the friars in Spain
- Used to attack the Filipinos, including Rizal in
various newspapers in Madrid
- He wrote that the family and friends of Rizal
had not paid their rents so that they were
ejected from their lands
- Rizal was insulted and challenged him to a
duel
- Retana apologized in the newspapers for he wenceslao
believed that discretion is better part of valor, retana
and, more so, to save his skin
50
 Infidelity Of Leonor Rivera

⬗ One night he and some friends attended a play at Teatro

Apolo
⬗ Jose lost his gold watch chain with a locket containing the
picture of Leonor Rivera
⬗ The loss of the locket proved to be a bad omen
⬗ Rizal received a letter from Leonor, announcing her coming
marriage to an Englishman (the choice of her mother) and
asking his forgiveness.

51
 Rizal-del Pilar Rivalry
⬗ Rizal tried to imbue his compatriots with his own idealism for. He
believed that to gain prestige for the Propaganda Movement and
to win the respect of the Spanish people they must possess high
standards of morality, dignity, and spirit of sacrifice.
⬗ Unfortunately, his idealism was not shared by others who loved
wine, women, and cards. Rizal’s leadership declined. They
resented Jose’s interference in their private lives.They became
supporters of del Pilar.
⬗ To prevent the break-up between Rizal and M.H. del Pilar,
Filipinos decided that a leader called “Responsable” be voted

52
 Rizal Abdicates His Leadership
⬗ The Filipinos were divided into two hostile camps: the
Rizalistas and the Pilaristas
⬗ Jose obtained the necessary 2/3 vote and became the
Responsible. But Jose graciously declined the coveted
position
 He was a man of dignity and did not relish being a
leader of a divided people.
 He preferred to abdicate his leadership rather than
be the cause of disunity and bitterness among his
countrymen.

53
 Adios Madrid
⬗ Rizal wrote a brief note thanking his
compatriots for electing him as Responsable.
⬗ He packed up and left Madrid.

54
 5.
Biarritz Vacation and
Romance with Nelly
Boustead
1891

55
 In Biarritz

⬗ He took vacation in City of Biarrritz on the

fabulous French Rivera
⬗ He was a guest of the rich Boustead family
⬗ He had befriended Mr. Boustead and his wife and
the two charming daughters: Adelina and Nellie
⬗ He had serious romance with Nellie
⬗ and finished the last chapter of his novel: El
Filibusterismo

56
 With the Bousteads in Biarritz

⬗ February 1891 - Rizal arrived

in Biarritz
⬗ He was warmly welcomed by
Mr. Bousteads
⬗ and as a family guest, he was
treated friendliness and
hospitality by Mrs. Bousteads,
Adeline, Nellie and Aunt the boust
Isabel
57
 Romance with Nellie Boustead

⬗ Real Filipina, highly

intelligent, vivacious
temperament and morally
upright
⬗ Antonio Luna, who had
previously loved and lost
Nelly, encouraged Rizal to
woo and marry her
nellie boustead

58
 Rizal Marriage failed for two reasons:
1. He refused to give up his Catholic faith and
be converted into Protestantism, as Nelly
demanded.
2. Nelly's mother did not like Rizal as a son-in-
law

59
 El Filibusterismo Finished in Biarritz
⬗ He kept on working in his second novel which
he began to write in Calamba in 1887
⬗ March 29, 1891 - he finished the manuscript of
El Filibusterismo

60
 To Paris back to Brussels
⬗ March 30, 1891 -Rizal proceeded to Paris by train
and he stayed at home of his friend, Valentin Ventura
⬗ From Paris, he wrote to his friend, Jose Ma. Basa, in
Hong Kong, on April 4, expressing his desire to go to
that British Colony and practice opthalmology in
order to earn his living.
⬗ By the middle of April, 1891, Rizal was back in
Brussels. Where he was happily received by Marie
and Suzzane Jacoby and by Pettite Suzzane.
61
 Retirement from the Propaganda Movement
⬗ Rizal retired from Propaganda Movement and or
reform crusade.
⬗ From Brussels, on May 1, 1891, he notified the
Propaganda authorities in Manila to cancel his
monthly allowance.

62
 Rizal Stopped Writing for La Solidaridad
⬗ Many of his friend in Spain urged him to continue writing for the patriotic
periodical.
⬗ M.H Del Pilar himself realized the need for Rizal's collaboration in both the
Propaganda Movement and in the La Solidaridad newspaper because the
enthusiasm for the reform crusade in Spain was declining.
⬗ Why he stopped writing for La Solidaridad:
1. I need time to work on my book
2. I wantes other Filipinos to work also
3. I considered it very important to the party that there be unity in the
work.
⬗ This has two advantage:
1. It leaves both us free
2. It increase your prestige
63
 Revising the Fili for Publication
⬗ The revision was mostly completed on May 30, 1891
⬗ Two weeks later, on June 13, Rizal informed Basa

64
 6.
El Filibusterismo
Published
In Ghent
1891

65
 ⬗ He begun writing in Calamba while practicing
medicine
⬗ March 29,1981- He finished manuscript in
Biarittz after 3 yrs

66
 Privations In Ghent
⬗ July 5,1891 Rizal left Brussels for Ghent
⬗ REASONS:
1. The cost of living is lower
2. The cost of printing in ghent is cheaper than in
brussels
3. To escape from enticing attraction of Petite
Suzanne

67
 The Printing
⬗ The publisher F. Meyer Van Loo Press, no 66 Viaanderen
Street who was willing to print his book on installment basis.
⬗ He pawned his jewels in order to pay the down payment and
early partial expenses during the printing of the novels
⬗ July 1891 Rizal wrote the letter to Basa saying that if no money
comes he will have to stop its publication
⬗ Aug 6 The printing had to be suspended as Rizal feared
because he could no longer give the necessary funds to the
printer

68
 El Filibusterismo Comes Off The Press
⬗ Valentin Ventura heard Rizal’s predicament he immediately
sent the amount of money needed to finish the publication of the
novel
⬗ September 18,1891 El Filibusterismo came off to press
⬗ He gratefully gave the original manuscript of El Fili and a printed
copy with his autograph to Valentin Ventura
⬗ The Filipino patriots praised the novel. The members of the
colony of Barcelona published a tribute in La Publicidad, A
Barcelona newspaper eulogizing the novel’s original style which
“is comparable only to sublime Alexander Dumas”” a model and
precious jewel in the now descendant literature of Spain.
69
 El Filibusterismo Comes Off The Press

⬗ All copies of the first edition of El Fili were placed in

wooden boxes and shipped to Hongkong but almost
all the boxes were confiscated and all the books
were lost
⬗ The book immediately became rare and few
available Ghent copies were sold at very high prices ,
reaching as high as 400 pesatas per copy.

70
 The Manuscript
⬗ The original manuscript of El Fili in Rizal’s own handwriting is
now preserved in the Filipiniana Division of Bureau of Public
Libraries , Manila. It had been acquired by the Phil government
from Valentin Ventura for 10,000 pesos.
⬗ The title page of El Fili contains an inscription written by
Ferdinand Blumentritt
⬗ Features that didn’t appear in the printed book
 +Foreword
 +Warning

71
 Noli and El Fili Compared
NOLI EL FILI

Romantic Novel Political Novel

work of the heart work of the head

a book of feeling a book of thought

It has freshness, color, humor, It contains bitterness, hatred,

lightness and wit pain, violence, and sorrow

64 chapters 38 chapters

72
 The Unfinished 3rd Novel
⬗ Sept 22 1891 Rizal wrote to Blumetritt saying that he’s thinking of
writing the third novel where ethics will play principal role
⬗ He wrote the third novel in Tagalog
⬗ In Hong Kong he continued it, but did not finish it because his Tagalog
was inadequate for literary purposes.
⬗ The unfinished 3rd novel has no title
⬗ The hero of the novel was Kamandagan, a descendants of Lakan
Dula,last king of Tondo. He plotted to regain the lost freedom of his
father.
⬗ It is said that Rizal was unfortunate not to finish this novel because it
would have caused greater scandal and more Spanish vengeance on
him
73
 Other Unfinished Novel
⬗ MAKAMISA
- A tagalog novel
- Written in light sarcastic style
- Incomplete with only 2 chapters
⬗ DAPITAN
- Written in Ironic Spanish
- He wrote it while in dapitan to depict the town life and customs

74
 Thank you!
Presentation by:
Cruz, Shannen Cristine
Celis, Clarisse Gayle
Delos Santos, Joyce Elaine
Garcia, Ivy Kathleen
Toribio, Ma. Gieline

75