Smart Water Management System Using

the Microcontroller ZR16S08 as IoT

Solution

PRESENTED BY

A R AV I N D S E T H U

T7A-B16ECA14

GUIDED BY

P R O F S A N I YA A Z E E M

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 CONTENTS
1. Introduction
2. Literature survey
3. IoT application
4. System description
a) Water flow sensor
b) Network topology and modulation
c) Sensor node
d) Central node
e) Cloud storage
f) Measurement and Communication test
5. Conclusions
6. References

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INTRODUCTION
 Challenges in water supply management
 Level of fragility in the process.
 35% of water is lost in developing countries – IBNET
 Technical failures in the distribution process and daily usage leaks.

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 Lack of efficient water pipeline monitoring systems.
 Hard to predict the cost to detect and repair the water losses.

Use of smart solutions, sensor networks and IoT application,

to overcome the situation !

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LITERATURE SURVEY
1. M. Neugebauer, J. Ploennigs and K. Kabitzsch, "Evaluation of Energy Costs for Single Hop vs.
Multi Hop with Respect to Topology Parameters," IEEE International Workshop on Factory
Communication Systems, Torino, Italy, 2006, pp. 175-182.
2. PFISTER, C. Getting Started with the Internet of Things: Connecting Sensors and
Microcontrollers to the Cloud. Maker Media, Inc, 2011.
3. BULUSU, N.; HEIDEMANN, J.; ESTRIN, D. Gps-less low cost outdoor localization for very small
devices. IEEE Personal Communications Magazine, 2000.

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IoT APPLICATION
 IoT System for water management, especially in water losses occuring in city
pipe lines.
 System includes sensors, RF processing and communication modules,
communication software between sensors nodes (WSN) and preferably open-
source platform for cloud access.
 Flexible solution using dedicated integrated devices.
 Improves Quality of Service (QoS)

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System Description
 Network of sensors where each one is connected to a microcotroller capable of
interpreting the measurements of the sensor.
 Capable of storing the data and sending it wirelessly.
 Management of the nodes is performed by a central system consisting of a
more powerful microcontroller.

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A. Water Flow Sensor
 Measurement of water flow done using water flow sensors model YF-S201.
 Consists of a plastic body, a rotor with a turbine made of magnetic blades and
a hall effect sensor.
 As turbine blades rotates during water flow in the rotor, each time one passes
through the hall effects sensor, interaction between the magnetic fields occurs.
 Thus hall effect sensor generates a pulse.
 More water flow through the rotor, greater the frequency of pulses.

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B. Network Topology and Modulation
 Single hop star type topology
 Sending data unidirectionally to a central unit, which in
addition to requesting information, also acts as an interme -
diary for communication with the cloud.
 Low consumption of sensor nodes when compared to
multi hop topology due to standby mode.
 Communication modules of 433 Mhz with maximum
transmission rate of 4 Kb/s.
 Communication between sensor nodes and gateway is done through On-Off
keying modulation.

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 Values collected by the ADC microcontroller are encoded into 8-bit strings by
setting different high and low pulse times.
 Choice of a period of 50 milliseconds for each pulse was made based on lowest
frequency that was able to generate an output signal wave without noise with
the used RF modules.
 1 bit - Time of high equals to time of low – 25 millisecond
 0 bit - Short time of high – 10 millisecond
- Longer time of low – 40 millisecond

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C. Sensor Node
 Microcontroller ZR16SO8 is used for sensor nodes.
 Brazilian microcontroller developed at the Santa Maria Design House (SMDH)
and Chipus Microelectronic S.A.
 Low budget 8 bit microcontroller that emphasizes on analog and digital
integration offering great cost to performance ratio.
 10 bit ADC, 256x8 SRAM memory and 16 bit timer are used.
 ZR16S08 has an internal voltage regulator, with variable input from 5 to 30V
and output to 3.3V

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D. Central Node

 Raspberry PI microcontroller is used as central node to request and receive the

data stored in the ZR16S08 using RF communication.
 Broadcasts the desired node ID
 Each node read the ID and checks it with it’s own.
 After receiving data, the central node will analyze and process the data and
send it to a cloud storage.

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E. Cloud Storage

 Main part in an IoT system.

 Information from the system stored in to the cloud.
 Users can access the data and manipulate using website or another desired
interface.
 It may be designed for public or private access, depending on the type of data
collected.
 User can easily notice any leakage problem on the pipes.

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Measurement and Communication Tests
 Prototype comprising most of the system hierarchy layers was implemented.
 1.5m long-PVC pipe attached to the system characterised by cloud storage and management.
 Water flow through two sensors were analysed
 The data stored in cloud indicates leaking issue.
 Different voltages were applied to the sensor node ADC.
 The central node evaluates the data and finds the difference between applied voltage and
measured one.
 The results shows that the data acquired by the sensor node and the data sent by the central
node has a difference of approx. 0.59%, which has almost none impact in the implemented
system.

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 Conclusions
 A complete IoT solution for water management was presented including the
measurement system and data communication between sensor nodes and
central node.
 The results were discrete and reliable values, which allow measurements of
other parameters besides the water flow.
 Research and tests in progress are focused on minimizing energy consumption
and optimizing communication, mainly operating with a higher rate of data
transmission on a better frequency channel.

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REFERENCE
1. C. Perera, A. Zaslavsky, P. Christen, and D. Georgakopoulos, “Sensing as a service model for
smart cities supported by internet of things,”Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications
Technologies (ETT), vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 81–93, 2014.
2. A. Kumar, K. Kamal, M. O. Arshad, T. Vadamala, S. Mathavan,“Smart Irrigation Using Low-Cost
Moisture Sensors and XBee-based Communication,” in IEEE 2014 Global Humanitarian
Technology Conference,2014.
3. Amanda Mc Intosh, Hailu Gebrechorkos ,“Partnering for solutions: ICTs in Smart Water
Management,”
4. Michele Mutchek, Eric Williams ,“Moving Towards Sustainable and Resilient Smart Water
Grids,” in Challenges 2014 , March 2014

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THANK YOU

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