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SUBSTANCE
A. CONSTANT PRESSURE PROCESS:
(Isobaric)
• An isobaric process is an internally reversible process of a pure
substance during which the pressure remains constant.
1) The process on the P-v and T-s planes
2) The Work, W
• If the process is nonflow and reversible,
Wn = ∫pdv = p ΔV= P(v2-v1)
is the area on the P-v plane under the constant pressure process.
• For an internally reversible process, p = c,
Q = ∫CpdT = Δhp= (h2-h1)
• For steady flow process, the work, Ws is
Ws = -∫vdp =0; ΔP = 0; ΔK = 0; dP = 0
• If the system is open, steady-flow, control volume, since dQ = dh
Wsf = (-ΔK + ΔP), since ΔP = 0; ΔK = 0
Then,
Wsf = 0
3) Transferred Heat, Q
• From the simple energy equation
Q = u2 – u1 + Wn
• For Steady flow and Nonflow Process
Q = u2 – u1 + Wn
• But Wn = ∫pdv = p ΔV= p(v2-v1)
Q = u2 – u1 + p(v2-v1)
Q = u2 – u1 + p2v2 – p1v1
• But h = u + pv
Q = (u2 + p2v2) – (u1 + p1v1)
Q = h2 – h1 where: h1 = hf1 + x hfg1
• If the change in internal energy is desired
u2 – u1 = (h2 –p2v2) – ( h1 – p1v1)
Example:
Ws = Q – Δh - ΔK since ΔK = 0 then
Ws = Q – Δh
Example:
Determine the heat and the work of the polytropic expansion of steam
from 2.8 MPa at 340oC to 0.76 Mpa at 200oC.