Effector Mechanism of

Cell-mediated Immunity

Uleng Bahrun

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 Innate and Adaptive Immunity

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 Types of adaptive immunity

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 Outline
1. Types of cell mediated immunity
2. Migration of effector T lymphocytes to sites
of infection
3. Effector function of CD4+ T lymphocytes
4. Effector function of CD8+ Cytolitic T
lymphocytes
5. Resistance of Pathogenic Microbes to Cell
Mediated Immunity
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 Types of cell mediated immunity

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The induction and effector
phases of cell-mediated
immunity

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 What happen in the site of infection
• Cells respond to the infection by producing
TNF-a & IL-1
• TNF-a & IL-1 will stimulate the endothelium
cells to increase expression of :
1. E & P selectin
2. Ligand for integrin like ICAM-1 (ligand
for LFA-1)
3. VCAM-1 (ligand for VLA-4 integrin)
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 What happen in the site of infection
• Macrophages & endothelium respond to
infection by produce chemokines (another set
of cytokines)  to attract & stimulate motility
of leucocytes.
• Chemokines display in high concentration
near to the site of infection

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 Effector cell escape from lymphatic vessel
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to infected tissue
 Migration of effector cells

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 • Migration and
retention of
effector and
memory T cells at
sites of infection 
independent of
antigen type

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 T- Cell Mediated Macrophage Activation

• TCR bind to
complex MHC2-
protein antigen
• CD40L bind with
CD40
• IFN-g produced by
Efector CD4+ bind
to IFN-g receptor
 Macrophage
activation

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 T- Cell Mediated Macrophage
Activation

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 Cooperation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in
defense against intracellular microbes

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 CD8+ CTLs recognize class I MHC associated peptide
on infected cells & kills this cell

• Steps in CTL-mediated
lysis of target cells
• class I MHC associated
peptides are protein
antigen sintesized in
the cytoplasma or
protein antigen of
phagocyted microbe
that escape from
vesicle to cytoplasm

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 Antigen recognition by CTLs

CTL's granules

Perforin Granzymes

inserts into the target Enter the Pores

cell membrane and
induced polymerize
Activate caspases

forms a pore Apoptosis

Endocytosis
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Resistensi Mikroba Patogen Terhadap
imunitas yang Dimediasi Sel

• Mikroba yang berbeda mempengaruhi mekanisme yang

berbeda dari imunitas resisten yang dimediasi oleh
limfosit T

• Banyak bakteri (M. tuberkulosis, L. pneumophila dan L.

monocitygenes)  inhibisi fusi fagosom dengan lisosom
 membentuk lubang pada membran fagosom 
sitoplasma  mekanisme mikrobisidal resisten.

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Resistensi Mikroba Patogen Terhadap
imunitas yang Dimediasi Sel
• virus mengurangi molekul MHC clas I oleh
peptida virus  ↓ ekspresi permukaan
MHC clas I.
• Virus juga menghambat sitokin atau
reseptor sitokin seperti IFN  ↓ kadar
sitokin untuk induksi reaksi imun yang
dimediasi sel.
• HIV menginfeksi langsung dan membunuh
limfosit CD4
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ulengbahrun68@gmail.com

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