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Sensory Details

HOW?
 SAW
 HEARD
 TOUCHED
 SMELLED
 TASTED
Without sensory details, stories
and poems would fail to come
to life.

Universal feel
Universal Quality
Universal quality is conveyed
when the writer is able to
personally connect with the
readers.
“I went to the store and bought
some flowers. Then I headed to the
meat department. Later, I realized
I forgot to buy bread.”
“Upon entering the grocery store, I
headed directly to the flower
department, where I spotted yellow
tulips. As I tenderly rested the tulips
in my rusty shopping cart, I caught a
whiff of minty dried eucalyptus, so I
added fragrant forest green bouquet
of eucalyptus to my cart. While
heading to the meat department, I
smelled the stench of seafood, which
made my appetite disappear.
What is Imagery?
What is Imagery?
Visual Imagery
 COLORS
(burnt red, bright orange, dull yellow, and verdant green)

 SHAPES
(square, circular, tubular, rectangular, and conical)

 SIZES
(tiny, minute, small, large, huge, gigantic, and enormous)

 PATTERNS
(polka-dotted, striped, zigzagged, jagged, and straight)
The night was black as ever, but
bright stars lit up the sky in
beautiful and varied constellations
which were sprinkled across the
astronomical landscape.
Auditory Imagery
 ENJOYABLE SOUNDS
(beautiful music, birdsong, and the voices of a chorus)

 NOISES
(the bang of a gun, the sound of a broom moving across
the floor, the siren, and the sound of a broken glass
shattering on the hard floor.)

 LACK OF NOISE
(describing a peaceful, calm and eerie silence)
Silence was broken by the peal of
piano keys as Sarah G. began
practicing her concerto.
Olfactory Imagery
 FRAGRANCES/SCENTS
(perfumes, enticing food and drinks, and blooming
flowers)

 ODORS
(rotting trash, body odors, or stinky wet dog or garbage)
She smelled the scent of sweet
hibiscus wafting through the air,
its tropical smell is a reminder that
she was on vacation in a beautiful
place.
Gustatory Imagery
 SWEETNESS
 SOURNESS
SALTINESS
SPICINESS
BITTERNESS
The candy melted in her mouth
and swirls of bittersweet chocolate
and slightly sweet but salty
caramel blended together on her
tongue.
Tactile Imagery
 TEMPERATURE
(bitter cold, humidity, warm, and stifling heat)

 TEXTURE
(rough, ragged, seamless, and smooth)

 MOVEMENT
(swimming in cold water, burning muscles from exertion,
or kicking a soccer ball)
After the long run, he collapsed in
the grass with tired and burning
muscles. The grass tickled his skin
and sweat cooled on his brow.
Importance:
 We experience life through our senses.
 Descriptive imagery launches the reader
into the experience of a warm spring day,
scorching hot summer, crisp fall, or winter.
 It allows readers to directly empathize with
characters and narrators as they imagine
having the same sense experiences.
 Imagery commonly helps build compelling
poetry, convincing narratives, vivid plays,
and descriptive songs.
Flashback
It is a general term for altering
sequences of events in the
story, taking characters back to
the beginning of the tale for
instance.
Foreshadowing
It pertains to hinting at events
to occur later.
Cliffhanger
This literary device creates an
open ending in the story by
leaving the conflict unresolved.
Chekhov’s Gun
This refers to the insertion of
an apparently irrelevant object
early in a selection to which the
purpose is revealed later.
Figures of Speech
These are literary devices that
achieve a special effect by using
words in distinctive ways.

To be able to use figures of


speech effectively is an art,
which can be mastered over
time.
Periodic Table of the
1
Figures of Speech 2
S M
Simile Metaphor
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
P My A Ap Sy I Ox Px
Personification Metonymy Allusion Apostrophe Synecdoche Irony Oxymoron Paradox
11 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Rq Al Ac Cc Aa Ep Ad Pm C
Rhetorical Alliteration Assonace Consonance Anaphora Epiphora Anadiplosis Parallelism Climax
Question

12 21 22 23 24 Reference
Sc H U O E Inversions
Sarcasm Hyperbole Under- Onomato- Euphe-
statement poeia Repetition
mism
Balance
Overstatement
Simile
This is a comparison usually
using like or as between two
unlike things that have
certain qualities in common.

Examples:
You are like a star that shines brightly in
the velvet sky.
The students are as busy as bees.
Metaphor
This is a direct comparison
of two unlike things.

Examples:
He was a lion in the fight.
My life is a movie.
Personification
These are expressions that
give human qualities to
objects, animals and ideas.

Examples:
One look at the garden and you could tell
that the plants were begging for water.
The moon smiled back at me.
Metonymy
This is a figure of speech in
which one word or phrase is
substituted for another with
which it is closely associated.

Examples:
The Malacañang declared Martial law.
Pen is mightier than the sword.
Allusion
It is an indirect reference to
any scientific, historical,
mythological and biblical event
or figure.

Examples:
Chocolate is my Achilles’ Heel.
Don’t act like a Romeo in front of her.
Apostrophe
It addresses inanimate objects
as real objects.

Examples:
Moon river . . . wherever you’re going, I’m
going your way.
Hello darkness, my old friend . . . I’ve
come to talk with you again.
Synecdoche
This is a figure of speech in
which a part is used to
represent the whole thing.

Examples:
Cardo Dalisay drove his new wheels.
I have four mouths to feed at home.
Irony
This refers to the use of term to
convey a meaning opposite of
the term’s literal meaning.

Examples:
Phone out of service? Give us a call.
Always open. Close.
Oxymoron
The use of two opposing terms
side by side.

Examples:
Luis is a big baby.
I am busy doing nothing.
This painting is pretty ugly.
Paradox
This refers to a statement that
appears to contradict itself.

Examples:
I must be cruel to be kind.
You have to die in order to live.
Less is more.
Rhetorical Question
It is asking questions for a
purpose other than to get
answers.

Examples:
Marriage is a wonderful institution, but
who would want to live in an institution?
Aren’t you ashamed of yourself?
Are you crazy?
Alliteration
This refers to the repetition of
an initial consonant sound.

Examples:
She sells sea shells by the sea shore.
Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled
peppers.
Sheep should sleep in a shed.
Assonance
This refers to the repetition of
similar vowel sounds.

Examples:
It beats . . . as it sweeps . . . as it cleans.
She sells sea shells by the seashore.
The rain in Spain falls mainly in the
plains.
Consonance
This refers to the repetition of
consonant sound.

Examples:
Don’t eat in that tent.
Some mammals are clammy.
Calling a crying king.
Anaphora
Some word or phrase is
repeated at the beginning of
successive clauses.
Examples:
Life is an adventure . . . dare it.
Life is a love . . . enjoy it.
Life is a tragedy . . . face it.
Life is a struggle . . . fight it.
Life is a promise . . . fulfill it.
Epiphora
Same word or phrase is
repeated at the end of
succession of clauses or verses.
Examples:

See no evil,
hear no evil,
speak no evil.
Anadiplosis
This refer to the repetition of
the last word of one clause at
the beginning of the following
clause.

Examples:
Fear leads to anger. Anger leads to hate.
Hate leads to suffering.
Turn the lights out now
Now I’ll take you by the hand
Hand you another drink
Drink it if you can
Can you spend a little time
Time is slipping away
Away from us so stay
Stay with me I can make
Make you glad you came.
Parallelism
This refers to the similarity in
structure between words and
phrases.

Examples:
Katy Perry enjoys dancing, singing, and
wearing food on her body.
The dog ran across the yard, jumped over
the fence, and sprinted down the alley.
Climax
This refers to arranging words
and phrases in order of
increasing importance.

Examples:
She dreamt of having a maid, a car, and a
house.
Some books are to be tasted, others are to
be swalowed, and some are to be digested.
Sarcasm
This makes use of words that
mean the opposite of what the
speaker or writer wants to say.
Examples:
Nice perfume. Must you marinate in it?
After walking into the classroom of
misbehaving students, the teacher thanks
them for their respect and excellent
behavior.
Anne Curtis is a great singer who sings like
a crow.
Hyperbole
These are statements used to
exaggerate terms and ideas.

Examples:
I’m so hungry I could eat a horse.
I am tired I could sleep for a year.
She cried so long that she made a lake.
Understatement
This figures of speech
deliberately makes a situation
seem less important or serious
than it is.

Examples:
It’s nothing. It’s just a scratch.
Onomatopoeia
This refers to forming a word to
imitate a sound.

Examples:
Beep beep beep ang sabi ng jeep.
You’re gonna hear me roar.
Bang bang into the room, I know you want
it.
Euphemism
This refers to the substitution
of an offensive term for one
considered offensively explicit.
Examples
 Died  Passed away
 Short  Vertically challenged
 Garbage man  Sanitary Engineer
 Maid  Domestic Engineer
 Fat  Big-boned
 Strike  Industrial action
 Bills  Courtesy reminder
 Poor  Underprivileged
 Jail  Correctional Facility
 Pornography  Adult entertainment
These are words, phrases, or
sentences that have meanings
different from the literal
meanings of the words in the
expression.
To shed crocodile tears
Pretending to be sad over the loss or death of
something or someone.
Anne was tickled pink by the good news
that her husband will be vacationing from
work abroad.
made very happy
Chrishna has been feeling pretty down in
the dumps since she quarreled with her
boyfriend.
sad or depressed
Emil is absent because he is feeling sick as
a dog.

very sick
The weather bureau predicts that it is
going to rain cats and dogs today.

rain very hard


That sound that Noel does in his sleep is
driving me up the wall.

making someone very annoyed


Creative Writing is a piece of cake subject.

very easy
I was just pulling your leg when I said that
Creative Writing is an easy subject.

joking or kidding
Aldrin’s explanation of the mathematical
solution sounds Greek to me.

beyond comprehension
Carlo is new in the office, so you need to
hold your horses with her.

be patient
It is better to be successful in one business
than to make abortive efforts in many
businesses.
labor without success
Beautiful islands dot the Philippine
archipelago.

found everywhere
If you work hard and persevere you can
have the ball at your feet.

see one’s way to success


I have no time for love life for I have other
fish to fry.

more important work to attend to


It is hard to love again once you have
burned your fingers.

deserted or forsaken
His father moved heaven and earth to give
his children all the comforts.

make strenuous effort


The teacher naturally did not wish to have
a limb of a devil in her class.

mischievous
IDIOMATIC
EXPRESSIONS
MEANINGS
As accurate as  Used to describe
Tito Sotto someone who
gives an erroneous
statement.
To talk with  To speak nonsense
Mocha’s lips or give faulty
arguments.
Under a  To die without due
cardboard process/justice.
Looks like a  Used to describe
overpriced goods.
Train

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