DISASTER READINESS AND

RISK REDUCTION
1

The Philippines –
a disaster risk
epicenter
Archipelagic nature of the Philippine
coastal areas - increases susceptibility to
storm surges, tsunamis and sea level
changes.
Located in the Pacific Ring of Fire –
earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic hazards
Lies along the western part of the Pacific
Ocean – monsoons, thunderstorm, ITCZ,
typhoons, El Niño, La Niña
Floods are common due to rains brought
by typhoons and the monsoon.
PHILIPPINE
SEISMICITY
Magnitude 4
or greater
1907 - present
 Vulnerability in
Southeast Asia
A January 2009 mapping study done by Dr. Arief
Anshory Yusuf and Dr. Herminia Francisco of the
Singapore-based Economy and Environment Program
for Southeast Asia shows the vulnerability of
Southeast Asia alone shows alarming trends.
The Philippines ranks number
one in the whole world in terms of
number of reported disaster events
within 2009.

In 2009 the Philippines ranked second in

terms of population affected by natural
disasters and third in the world in terms of
number of people killed. (Source: CRED EM
Data, Human Impact of Disasters, 2009).
Total Disaster Damages in the Philippines, 2000–2016
PHILIPPINES
 PRESIDENTIAL DECREE No. 1566
STRENGTHENING THE PRESIDENTIAL DECREE
No. 1566
STRENGTHENING THE PHILIPPINE DISASTER
CONTROL, CAPABILITY AND ESTABLISHING THE
NATIONAL PROGRAM ON COMMUNITY DISASTER
PREPAREDNESS
REPUBLIC ACT No. 10121

AN ACT STRENGTHENING THE PHILIPPINE DISASTER RISK

REDUCTION AND MANAGEMENT SYSTEM, PROVIDING FOR
THE NATIONAL DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND
MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK AND INSTITUTIONALIZING
THE NATIONAL DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND
MANAGEMENT PLAN, APPROPRIATING FUNDS THEREFOR
AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES.
 Why do we need to have a new law?
PD 1566
 Assumes that disasters
cannot be avoided
 Most plans were on the
provision of relief goods &
infra like dike & flood
control systems (reactive)
 Government response
was focused on disaster
response
RA 10121
 Transforms & reforms the way we
deal with disasters
 that impact of disasters can be
reduced by addressing the root cause
of disaster risks
 from disaster response to risk
reduction
 emphasis on strengthening peoples’
capacity to absorb stress
 Proactive and developmental
approach in managing disaster
Section 14 of the Republic Act
10121 (or the Philippine Disaster
Risk Reduction and Management
Act of 2010) requires DepEd, CHED,
and Tesda to integrate disaster risk
education in school curricula.
 Definition of Disaster
1
a serious disruption of the
functioning of a community or a
society involving widespread
human, material, economic or
environmental losses and
impacts, which exceeds the
ability of the affected community
or society to cope using its own
resources - RA 10121
Definition of Disaster
Risk

potential disaster losses in

lives, health status, livelihood,
assets, and services which
coul occur to a particular
community or a society over
some specified future time
period - RA 10121
 General Classification of
1 Disaster

and
 General Classification of
1 Disaster
1 General Classification of Disaster
1
Natural Events

Hazards
Disaster
PART Basic Concept of
Disaster and Disaster
01 Risk
"An ounce of
prevention is worth a
pound of cure"

In 1736, Benjamin Franklin

organized Philadelphia's
Union Fire Company, the first
in the city. This famous
saying was actually fire-
fighting advice.
 RISKS FACTORS UNDERLYING
DISASTER

1.Severity of Exposure
2.Gender and FamilyDisplaced
Populations
3.Age
4.Developing Countries
5.Low or negative social support
ADPC, 2012
 Severity of Exposure

High Those that go through the disaster

themselves
Medium Close contact with the victims

Low Those who only had indirect exposure

 Gender and Family
• Women suffer more negative effects than men
• More stressful when children are present
• Women with spouses experienced more distress
• Stress is contagious within family
• Lack support and family makes it harder
 AGE

• Ages 40 - 60 suffers more after the

disaster
• Children show more distress after
disaster
• Higher stress in the parents is related to
worse recovery in children
 Developing Countries

Undeveloped VS Developing VS Developed

 Low or Negative
Social Support
Recovery on the victims rely
mainly on the support that
could ease their problems,
needs and pain
 Other factors related to
survivor’s recovery
1.He/she is not functioning well before the
disaster
2.Have had no experience dealing with
disasters
3.Must deal with other stressors after
disaster
4.Have poor self-esteem
 Other factors related to
survivor’s recovery
5. Think they are uncared for by
others
6. Think they have little control over
what happens to them
7. Lack the capacity to manage stress
 Other factors that been found to
predict worst outcomes
1. Bereavement
2. Injury to self or another family member
3. Life threat
4. Panic, horror or feelings during the disaster
5. Being separated from family (among youth)
6. Great loss of property
7. Displacement
 Health Food
Risks Scarcity

Displaced
Displaced Populations
Emotional
Populations EFFECTS OF Aftershocks
DISASTERS
IN HUMAN
LIFE
 Exposed to Natural Hazards
Areas/ Locations
Areas/
Locations Coastal Ares
Exposed Reclaimed Areas
to
Hazards Near Fault Lines
On foot of denuded
mountains
 Exposed to Natural Hazards
Areas/ Locations Expose to:
Areas/
Locations Volcanic eruption
Exposed

?
Flooding,
to
Hazards
Flashfloods
Thunderstorm,
Hailstorm, Blizzard
 Exposed to Man-Made
Hazards
Areas/ Areas/ Locations Expose to:
Locations
Near Oil Depots
Exposed
to
Hazards Near Mining Projects
Near Chemical Plants
Near Factories
?
 Exposed to Man-Made Hazards
Areas/ Locations Expose to:
Areas/ Nuclear waste,
Locations possible technical
Exposed
to
Hazards
? failure, leaks,
accidental explosion
Fire
Terrorism
 Economic

Socio-
Political
Cultural
DISASTER
FROM
DIFFERENT
PERSPECTIVES

Environ-
Physical mental

Psycho-
logical
 Physical Perspective
Cause damage to physical
elements such as buildings,
infrastructures, including people
and their properties.
Physical effects are the most visible
and quantifiable effects of disaster
Physchological Perspective
Cause serious mental health
consequences for the victims, which
van take the form of PTSD and a
variety of other disorder and
symptoms which have been less
investigated
 Physchological Perspective
 Emotional Effects
• Shock, terror, irritability, blame, anger, guilt, grief or
sadness, numbing, helplessness, loss of pleasure,
difficulty of feeling happy, difficulty of feeling loved

 Cognitive Effects
• Impaired concentration, impaired decision-making ability,
memory impairment, disbelief, confusion, nightmares,
decreased self-efficacy, self-blame, intrusive thoughts,
memories, dissociation
 Physchological Perspective
 Physical Effects
• Fatigue, exhaustion, insomnia, cardiovascular strain, startle
response, hyper arousal, increased physical pain, reduced immune
response, headaches, gastrointestinal upset, diseased appetite,
decreased libido, vulnerability to illness

 Interpersonal Effects
• Increased relational conflict, social withdrawal, reduced relational
intimacy, alienation, impaired work performance, decreased
satisfaction, distrust, externalization of blame, externalization of
vulnerability, feeling abandoned
Socio-Cultural Perspective
Social Conditions Cultural Settings
Age Language
Gender Beliefs
Wealth Traditions
Ethnicity Customs
 Economic Perspective

Direct Indirect Losses

Economic Cost
Assets Value of what Evaluating the
Output
Employ-ment
Cosump-tion
Production Factor
has been main indirect
damaged consequences
 Political Perspective
 Politics are deeply wedded to both
impact and subsequent delivery of
humanitarian assistance
 Who is most at risk, who can
intervene, what actions will be taken,
who will benefit from those actions
 Environmental Perspective

The society adopts few precautionary

approach in the design and
management of projects and fewer still
recognize the role of environmental
management in reducing disaster risk
NATIONAL
DISASTERS
2019 Dengue Outbreak

167,607 dengue cases 720 deaths

2019 Jolo Cathedral Bombing

Deaths : 20
2018 Philippines Piper PA-23 Crash

Deaths : 5
2017 Dengvaxia

Deaths : 144
2017 Marawi Siege

Deaths : 978
2017 Central Luzon H5N6 outbreak

Deaths : 37, 000 birds, 600,00 birds culled

2017 Resorts World Manila Attack

30 deaths
2016 Manila Tornado

Damage: 200 houses

2013 Bohol Earthquake

Deaths : 222
2013 Yolanda

Death : 6,300
2011 Sendong

Death : 1,453
2010 Manila Hostage Crisis

9 deaths
2006 Wowowee Stampede

Death : 73
1976 Moro Gulf

Deaths : 5000 - 8000

1996 Ozone Disco Fire

Deaths : 162
INTERNATIONAL
DISASTERS
2011 Syria Civil War

Deaths : 18, 000+

Haiti earthquake 2010

Deaths : 316,000
2004 Indonesia, Sri Lanka, India,
Maldives, and Thailand Tsunami

Deaths : 230,000
2008 Indonesian Tsunami

Deaths : 36, 000

2015 Rohingya

Deaths : 7,000+
1986 Chernobyl

Deaths : 46
 World War 2

Deaths : 85, 000, 000+

 Analyze the impacts of the ff. disaster
events
from the different perspectives
Physical enumerated below
Psychological Events
Political
Typhoon Sendong 2011
Economuc
Environmental Bohol Earthquake 2013
Socio-Cultural Marawi Siege 2017

Dengue Outbreak 2019

THANK
YOU!
DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS

Distribution of
population

Population
Density
COMMUNITY PREPAREDNESS
SCIENTIFIC
MONITORING AND
COMMUNICATION
PHOTO EARLY WARNING
NETWORKS SYSTEMS

BUILDING EMERGENCY
PHOTO
CODES PLANNING
SOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTORS
Distribution of
population

Understanding of
the area
DEALING WITH AFTER EFFECTS

Emergency Personnel
Aid Request
Insurance Cover