IAI

is-a: …
name: Introduction to Artificial Intelligence
syllabus: …
prerequisites: F&LP, Logic
type: elective
hours: Lecture 3
difficulty (default): medium
interest (default): high
importance: high
number-of-students: medium
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IAI-1998

is-a: IAI
lecturer: YF
takes-place: Wed 15:45-18:30, Classroom 6
semester: spring
year: 1998
number-of-students: 20

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Frame Hierarchy

IDC course

1st year 2nd year 3rd year CS Law Business …

Theory Applied Workshop

IAI Classes
ako
is-a Lecture Exercise

IAI 1998
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Event Frames
Event
Ako
Time
Day
Place

Disaster Celebration
Ako Ako
Damage Host
Fatalities Guests

Earthquake Wedding
Ako Ako
Fault Bride
Magnitude Groom

Flood Birthday-party
Ako Ako
River Celebrant
Crest Age

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Earthquake Hits Lower
Slabovia

Today, an extremely serious earthquake of

magnitude 8.5 hit Lower Slabovia, killing 25 people
and causing $500 million in damage. The President
of Lower Slabovia said that the hard-hit area near the
Sadie Hawkins fault has been a danger zone for
years.

5
Story Understanding by Filling
Frames

Earthquake
Time
Day Today
Place Lower-Slabovia
Damage 500,000,000
Fatalities 25
Fault Sadie-Hawkins
Magnitude 8.5

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Earthquake Summary Pattern

An earthquake occurred in <value in Location slot>

<value in Day slot>. There were <value in Fatalities
slot> fatalities and $<value in Damage slot> in
property damage. The magnitude was <value in
Magnitude slot> on the Richter scale; the fault
involved was the <value in Fault slot>.

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Instantiated Earthquake
Summary Pattern

An earthquake occurred in Lower Slabovia today.

There were 25 fatalities and $500 million in property
damage. The magnitude was 8.5 on the Richter
scale; the fault involved was the Sadie Hawkins.

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Earthquake Study Stopped

Today, the President of Lower Slabovia killed 25

proposals totaling $500 million for research in
earthquake prediction. Our Lower Slabovian
correspondent calculates that 8.5 research proposals
are rejected for every one approved. There are
rumors that the President's science advisor, Sadie
Hawkins, is at fault.

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Thematic-Role Frames

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"Robbie made coffee for Suzie
with a percolator"

Thematic-roleframe
Verb Make
Agent Robbie
Beneficiary Suzie
ThematicObject Coffee
Instrument Percolator

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"Robbie went to the theater
with Suzie by car"

Thematic-roleframe
Verb Go
Agent Robbie
Coagent Suzie
Destination Theater
Conveyance Car

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Thematic Inference (1)

• Robbie was sent to the scrap heap by parcel post.

• Robbie was sent to the scrap heap by Marcel Proust.

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Thematic Inference (2)

• He shot the rabbit.

• He shot the picture.

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Thematic Inference (3)

• He threw some food.

• He threw away some food.

• He threw up some food.

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Thematic Inference
(Summary)

Preposition Particle

Noun phrase Verb phrase

thematic role meaning

Position Thematic
Noun Verb
in the object
sentence

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Taxonomy Thing

Inanimate
thing

Place Time Object Person

Home Town Day Hour Medicine Toy Robbie Suzie

Aspirin Tea Box Ball Bell

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Take

• Take1: transport. Either source or destination or both should

appear.
• Take2: swindle. No source or destination; only people can
be swindled.
• Take3: swallow medicine. Beneficiary = agent.
• Take4: steal. People are not stolen.
• Take5: initiate and execute social event with another person.
Always with particle “out”.
• Take6: remove. People cannot be removed. Always with
particle “out”.
• Take7: assume control. With particle “over”.
• Take8: remove from the body. Always with particle “off”.
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Linguistic Constraints

Thematic role Preposition Allowed class

Agent by person
Coagent with person
Beneficiary for person
Thematic Object – –
Instrument with inanimate
Source from –
Destination to –
Old Surroundings out of inanimate
New Surroundings into inanimate
Conveyance by inanimate
Duration for time
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Analysis of Sentences

• Robbie took aspirin.

• Robbie took aspirin for Suzie.
• Robbie took out Suzie.
• Robbie took out the box.
• Robbie took the ball to Suzie.
• Robbie took Suzie.
• Robbie took Suzie to town.
• The ball was taken out of town by Robbie by car for a day
for Suzie.

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Primitive Actions

•Move-body-part •Move-possession
•Move-object •Move-concept
•Expel •Think-about
•Ingest •Conclude
•Propel •Do
•Speak
•See
•Hear
•Smell
•Feel

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"Robbie enjoyed putting the
wedge on the red block"
Action frame
Primitive Move-object
Agent Robbie
Object Wedge
Destination Block
Result

State-change frame
Object Robbie's mood
Destination Happy
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"Suzie told Robbie to put the
wedge on the red block"

Action frame
Primitive Speak
Agent Suzie
Result

Action frame
Primitive Move-object
Agent Robbie
Object Wedge
Destination Block
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"Suzie comforted Robbie"

Action frame
Primitive Do
Agent Suzie
Result

State-change frame
Object Robbie's mood
Destination Happy
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"Robbie was gored by the
test"
Action frame
Primitive Do
Agent Robbie
Result

Action frame
Primitive Move-possession
Agent Teacher
Object Grade
Destination Robbie
Result

State-change frame
Object Robbie's mood
Destination Unhappy 25
Sub-actions (1)
Action frame
Primitive Move-object
Agent Robbie
Object Wedge
Destination Block
Subaction
Subaction
Subaction

Action frame
Primitive Move-body-part
Object Fingers
Destination Open

Action frame
Primitive Move-body-part
Object Hand

Action frame
Primitive Move-body-part
Object Fingers
Destination Closed 26
Sub-actions (2)
Action frame
Primitive Ingest
Agent Robbie
Object Ice cream
Subaction

Action frame
Primitive Move-object
Object Spoon
Subaction

Action frame
Primitive Move-body-part
Object Hand 27