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Sensors, Participatory
Sensing, RFID’s
Outline
• Sensor Technology
• Analog Sensors
• Digital Sensors
Introduction
Sub-circuits
Serial port / Sensor
Microcontroller ADC/Amplifier/Resist Resistance
ance Bridge
Outputs
Temperature Thermistor
Transducer
Analog to Digital Converter
Vin
Signal Conditioning Amplifier
Temperature
• Thermistor – Temp range : 120 C to -90 C
• NTC Thermistors show –ve temp
• PTC Thermistors show +ve temp
Humidity Sensor
• Measures and reports both moisture and air temp
• Work by detecting changes that alter electrical currents/temp in air
Applications:
• Humidity transmitter
• Handheld devices
• Refrigerators
• Air compressors
• Weather stations
• Industrial incubators
• Medical systems
• Dew measurement
Humidity
• For long distance detection ultrasonic sensors are used – sends pulses
• Applications – industrial automation, rail tracks, oil pipeline faults
Distance – IR Sensor
Light sensor
QR codes
• Quick Response Code – First used in automotive industry
• Applications - product identification, tracking, marketing & document
mgmt.
• Uses std encoding modes – numeric, alphanumeric, byte/binary or
other
• Code stores data efficiently and is extendable
• Its faster and data stored is more
• The scanner or camera reads the code & data is processed using error
correction method called REED SOLOMON Method
Motion Sensors for moving Object
Analytics &
Knowledge
Discovery
Data Visualization
Sensing by
individuals
/group of people
Predictive Maintenance ?
• Predictive rail road service center – uses ultrasonic, temp, IR &
Microphone sensors to capture data of train passing through each
segment track.
• Finds Application in aircraft parts, gas pipelines failure detecctions.
Automotive IIoT
• Connected Cars
• Vehicle to infrastructure
• Predictive & preventive maintenances
• Autonomous cars
Automotive IIoT – Connected Cars
• Driverless Cars
• Uses LIDAR
Actuator
An actuator is a device that takes actions as per the input
command .
• Examples
• Light sources
• LED
• Piezoelectric vibrators or sonders
• Speakers
• Solenoids
• Servomotor
• Relay switch
• Brakes in vehicles
• Ringing of alarm bell
Piezoelectric Vibrators
Working of Piezoelectric Vibrator
Working of Solenoid
Sensor Data Communication