CHARLES •Johnson (2012) described

Darwin as a genius who came

DARWIN
from a line of intellectually
gifted and wealthy family.
•Charles Darwin is famous for
his theory of evolution which
changed our concept of the
world’s creation and its
evolution.
THEORY OF EVOLUTION
• One of the most important
works in Scientific
Literature.
• This book presented
evidence on how species
evolved over time and
presented traits and
adaptation that
differentiate species.
• Darwin introduced
the idea of all organic
life, including human
beings, under the
realm of evolutionary
thinking.
• Famous in the field of SIGMUND
Psychology. FREUD
• He is popularly known
as the method of
Psychoanalysis.
PSYCHOANALYSIS
• This method of
psychoanalysis is a Psychoanalysis
scientific way to study the
human mind.
• Understanding human
nature.
• Focus on human sexuality
and the evil nature of man.
*Development of Science in Mesoamerica
*Development of Science in Asia
MAYA CIVILIZATION
• The Maya Civilization
is one of the famous
civilizations that lasted
for approximately 2,
000 years.
• Knowledge about
celestial bodies.
• They incorporated their
advanced understanding
of astronomy into their
temples and other
religious structures.
• Astronomical
Observation
Mayan’s Writing
System
INCA CIVILIZATION
ROADS PAVED WITH STONES
STONE BUILDINGS THAT SURMOUNTED EARTHQUAKES
AND OTHER DISASTERS
 IRRIGATION SYSTEM AND
TECHNIQUE FOR STORING WATER
FOR THEIR CROPS TO GROW IN
ALL TYPES OF LAND
 CALENDAR WITH 12 MONTHS
TO MARK THEIR RELIGIOUS
FESTIVALS AND PREPARE
THEM FOR PLANTING SEASON
GREGORIAN MONTH INCAN MONTH TRANSLATION
JANUARY CAMAY QUILLA FASTENING AND PENITENCE
FEBRUARY HATUN- PUCUY GREAT RIPENING
MARCH PACHA- PUCHUY EARTH RIPENING
APRIL AYRIHUA / CAMAY INCA RAYMI FESTIVAL OF THE INCA
MAY AYMORAY QUILLA/ HATUN CUZQUI GREAT CULTIVATION
JUNE INTI RAYMI FEAST OF THE SUN
JULY CHACHUA- HUARQUIZ/ CHACRA PLOUGHING MONTH
RICUICHI/ CHACRA CONA
AUGUST YAPAQUIR/ CHACRA AYAQUI/ CAPAC SOWING MONTH
SIQUIS
SEPTEMBER COYA RAYMI/ CITUA FESTIVAL OF THE MOON
OCTOBER K’ANTARAY/ UMA RAYMI MONTH OF THE CROP WATCHING
NOVEMBER AYA MARCA FESTIVAL OF THE DEAD
DECEMBER CAPAC RAYMI MAGNIFICENT FESTIVAL
THE FIRST SUSPENSION BRIDGE
QUIPU, A SYSTEM OF KNOTTED ROPES TO KEEP
RECORDS THAT ONLY EXPERTS CAN INTERPRET
INCA TEXTILES SINCE CLOTH WAS
ONE OF THE SPECIALLY PRIZED
ARTISTIC ACHIEVEMENTS
AZTEC CIVILIZATION
 1. MANDATORY EDUCATION
- The Aztec puts value value
on education, that is why
their children are mandated
to geteducation regardless
of their social class, gender,
or age. It is an early form of
universal or inclusive
education.
 2. CHOCOLATES
- The Aztec in Mexico
developed chocolate during
their time. In the Mayan
culture, they used it as a
currency. The Aztec valued
the Cacao beans highly and
made it as part of their
tribute to their gods.
 3. ANTISPASMODIC
MEDICATION
- They used a type of
antipasmodic medication that
could prevent muscle
spasms and relax muscles,
which could help during
surgery.
 4. CHINAMPA
- It is a form of Aztec
technology for
agricultural farming in
which the land was
divided into
rectangular areas and
sorrounded by canals.
 4. AZTEC CALENDAR
- This enabled them
to plan their
activities, rituals, and
planting season
5. INVENTION OF THE
CANOE
- A light narrow boat
used for traveling in
water systems.
 • They are known for manufacturing
iron and in metallurgical words.
• Famous in medicine. Indians
practiced Ayurveda as a form of
alternative medicine.
• Notable in the field of Astronomy.
• Known for their Mathematics.

DEVELOPMENT IN SCIENCE IN INDIA

 AYURVEDA

A system of traditional medicine

that originated in Ancient India
before 2500 BC.
Indians discovered some
medicinal properties of
plants that led them to
develop medicines to cure
various illnesses.
They developed theories on
the configuration of the
universe, the spherical self-
supporting Earth, and the year
of 360 days with 12 equal
parts of 30 days each.
 BISHT (1982)
- The earliest traces of
mathematical knowledge
in the Indian Subcontinent
appeared in the Indus
Valley Civilization
 CLIFFORD (2008) and BOSE
(1998)
- Indian astronomer and
mathematician Aryabhata, in
his Aryabhatiya, introduced a
number of trigonometric
functions, tables, and
techniques, as well as
algorithms of Algebra.
 BRAHMAGUPTA (628 AD)
- Suggested that gravity
was a force of attraction,
and lucidly explained the
use of zero as both a
placeholder and a decimal
digit, along with the Hindu-
Arabic numeral system.
MADHAVA OF SANGAMAGRAMA
- Considered as the
founder of mathematical
analysis.