Isaac Jayzon Machate

Don Miguel Averilla

John Bernard Magtinguha
Earl Vincent Allurin
Ervic Namindang
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FE2 O3
• are rocks and minerals from
which metallic iron can be
economically extracted.
Carbon is required in the blast furnace, and
it is supplied in the form of COKE.

To make COKE, coal is heated in the oven

which drives out volatile by-products, and
leaves carbon.
IRON ORES ARE BLENDED
TOGETHER WITH COKE TO MAKE
A FAVORABLE MIX. AFTER
HEATING, IT PRODUCES AN IRON
RICH MATERIAL CALLED SINTER
Sinter’s advantages:
• Reduces waste
• Efficient raw material for Blast
Furnaces
• formed from this type of sediment are
biological sedimentary rocks. Their
biological origin is often revealed in the
rock by the presence of fossils. Some
limestones can form by direct
precipitation of calcium carbonate from
marine or fresh water. Limestones formed
this way are chemical sedimentary rocks.
Blast Furnace
• A blast furnace is a type of
metallurgical furnace used for
smelting to produce industrial metals,
generally pig iron, but also others
such as lead or copper. Blast refers to
the combustion air being "forced" or
supplied above atmospheric pressure.
Contain lots of carbon and impurities
• Pig iron is an intermediate product
of the iron industry, also known as
crude iron, which is first obtained
from a smelting furnace in the form
of oblong blocks
• Main bulk production process of
refining Iron into Steel
• the oxygen converter process is a method of
primary steelmaking in which carbon-rich molten
pig iron is made into steel. Blowing oxygen through
molten pig iron lowers the carbon content of the
alloy and changes it into low-carbon steel. The
process is known as basic because fluxes of burnt
lime or dolomite, which are chemical bases, are
added to promote the removal of impurities and
protect the lining of the converter.
• Slag is the glass-like by-product left
over after a desired metal has been
separated from its raw ore. Slag is
usually a mixture of metal oxides and
silicon dioxide. However, slags can
contain metal sulfides and elemental
metals
• EAF steelmaking is the manufacture of steel from scrap
or direct reduced iron melted by electric arcs.
• An electric arc furnace (EAF) is a furnace that heats
charged material by means of an electric arc.
• Industrial arc furnaces range in size from small units of
approximately one ton capacity (used in foundries for
producing cast iron products) up to about 400 ton units
used for secondary steelmaking.
• Improve consistency of
temperature and composition in
the steel
• Removal of gasses and reduction
of elements
• Process used to solidify the molten
steel ready for shaping
Hot Rolling
• Cold Rolling is a process which passes metal through
rollers at temperatures below its recrystallization
temperatures.
• It is a process which passes metal through rollers at
temperatures below its recrystallization temperatures.
This increases the yield strength and hardness of the
metal. This is done by introducing defects into the crystal
structure of the metal creating a hardened microstructure
which prevents further slip. Because the metal is at room
temperature, it is less malleable than metal above its
recrystallization temperature. This makes cold rolling a
more labor intensive and expensive process than hot
rolling. Cold rolling can also reduce the grain size of the
metal resulting in Hall-Petch Hardening