Sundray Junior Certification Lesson

Site Survey
Content

Contents
1 Site survey

2 Preparation

3 Scene exploration

4 Tools
Wireless application

PC Tablet PC

Wireless Hotel Wireless warehousing

Wireless campus Wireless hospital

Laptop Smartphone
Wireless retail Wireless Logistics

Wireless restaurant

Monitor Fit Client

WIFI speech Wireless monitor

Wireless order …
Problem
supermarket / retail ：
1, interior decoration, space structure and material changes.
2. The pattern of the shop is constantly changing, and the stall
is moved.
3. Some stores in the shopping mall set up a wireless network
alone

Wireless warehousing / Logistics ：

1. Hand-held STA move repeatedly, demanding high
stability during roaming.
2. Excessive cargo obstruct wireless signal
3. It will be interfering when the warehouse is too small.
Problem

Wireless campus:
1, high density access, the number of access terminals under the
same AP is excessive.
2, long-term large traffic, movie download, online games and so on
3, many operators set up wireless networks in same places, and the
signals interfere with each other.

Wireless Hotel:
1. The density of the solid wall is large and the attenuation of the
signal is too large
2, the indoor appearance beautification request is high, the
construction has not adopted the best signal plan.
3, customers have high requirements for network experience, multi
terminal access and toilets.
Problem

Wireless medical treatment: Wireless place:

1. The requirement of wireless check out can not be covered with 1. The structure of indoor building is complicated and the design
dead angle of hot spot is difficult
2. Wireless roaming is frequent, and business is sensitive to stability 2. The outdoor environment is open and it is difficult to cover all
Summary of common problems
 Without site survey and design
• Without site survey and good
design
• Too much hot spot, signal
interference
• Too few hot spots and weak signals
• Poor angle, weak signal
• The channel is bad, there is
interference
• Complex interior structure and
signal attenuation
• The dead angle is not signal
• The hotel toilets have too many
walls and weak signals.
• ... .
Phenomenon： disconnect
 Installation / debugging is not
standard
• The feeder is too long and attenuates
• Cable contact is poor and unstable
• Antenna nut is not removed,
attenuating
• Software debugging is not
professional
• Incorrect debugging, no
authentication
• The bandwidth is not enough and the
speed of the net is slow
• ……
Fail to connect
连不上
 Environment changes and not
optimized in time
• The market stall is moved and the signal
distribution changes
• Patterns change, signals are affected
• Interior decoration, signal attenuation
• Indoor users' private hot spots, interference
• Traffic congestion at critical time,
congestion
• The number of users is increasing, not even
• The change in the warehouse goods will
affect the signal
• ……
Low speed
The significance of site survey

Site survey and design

Preparation Site survey design

The site survey and design of wireless network is a key point in the operation of WLAN project.
• Ensure that the wireless network is stable after operation and ensure user experience.
• Improve equipment efficiency and increase customer investment return rate
• Reducing the maintenance workload of wireless networks
• Enhance customer relationship, or affect the brand.
Content

Contents
1 Site survey

2 Preparation

3 Scene exploration

4 Tools
Tools
 As an engineer, tools need to be prepared before the site survey :
 Wireless network adapter
 Wireless terminals used by customers in real business
 AP depends on the recommended model of the project
 Digital camera
 Long distance range finder
 Backup power supply
 Tapes and straps
Confirm coverage requirement

Combined with architectural drawings, clear the main coverage area, secondary coverage area, reasonable
layout, avoid dead angle, need two jobs.

Main coverage targets:

User centralized Internet areas, such as dormitories, libraries, classrooms, hotel rooms, lobby, conference
rooms, offices, exhibition halls, etc.
Secondary coverage objectives:
There is no need to cover key areas such as toilets, staircases, elevators, aisles, kitchens and so on.
Special coverage target:
Client specified coverage area or area not allowed to be covered
STA and bandwidth estimation

An introduction to fuzzy numbers (especially for dense scenes):

1000 people have access at the same time, when the actual use, the number of access only 600 people, and the 600
people access not all concurrently, a fewer concurrency around 200.
concurrent user=estimate access user * （20%——60%）
According to the analysis of user number and the rate of each person, the bandwidth requirement can be obtained. ：
bandwidth＝concurrent user * rate of per STA
Rate reference for different scenes (for reference only) ：

Concurrency rate Minimum rate of Recommendation Good experience rate

Scene STA
（100 users） single user rate of single user of single user
Office
100KB/S down link 200KB/S down link 300KB/S down link
Hotel Laptop 20%—50%
20KB/S up link 40KB/S up link 100KB/S up link
Meeting room

Shopping mall 20KB/S down link 50KB/S down link 80KB/S down link
Mobile phone 5%—30%
Outdoor 20KB/S up link 20KB/S up link 40KB/S up link
AP signal coverage distance reference

Recommended Power
Unobstructed and undisturbed zone
Model(China) coverage distance recommendation
Maximum coverage distance (meter)
(meter) adjustment range
S150 50 20 13dBm—20dBm
S160 50 20 13dBm—20dBm
S200 30 15 13dBm—20dBm
S400 50 20 13dBm—23dBm
S500 50 20 13dBm—23dBm
S550 20 10 13dBm—23dBm
S340 30 15 13dBm—23dBm
S350 30 15 13dBm—23dBm
S650 50 20 13dBm—23dBm
S370 50 20 13dBm—23dBm
S560 50 20 13dBm—23dBm
S800(omnidirectional) 150 100 13dBm—27dBm
S800(directional) 300 200 13dBm—27dBm

S900 300 200 13dBm—27dBm

Reference of access laptop number
Single AP
Scene AP Model 2.4G 5.8G
recommended value
S400 30-40 30-40 60-80
S500 30-40 30-40 60-80
High density scene S550 30-40 30-40 60-80
(office, conference room,
classroom) S650 30-40 30-40 60-80
S370 30-40 30-40 60-80
S560 30-40 30-40 60-80
S200 10-15 / 10-15
S340 10-15 10-15 20-30
S150 40-50 / 40-50
S160 40-50 40-50 80-100
Common Internet scene S400 40-50 40-50 80-100
(enterprise visitor, For reference only
S500 40-50 40-50 80-100
business super, station,
airport) S550 40-50 40-50 80-100
S350 10-15 10-15 20-30
S650 40-50 40-50 80-100
S370 40-50 40-50 80-100
S560 40-50 40-50 80-100
Reference of access Handheld terminal number
Single AP recommended
Scene AP Model 2.4G 5.8G
value
S400 40-50 40-50 80-100
S500 40-50 40-50 80-100

High density scene S550 40-50 40-50 80-100

(office, conference room) S650 40-50 40-50 80-100
S370 40-50 40-50 80-100
S560 40-50 40-50 80-100
S200 15-20 / 15-20
S340 15-20 15-20 30-40
S150 50-60 / 50-60
Common Internet scene S160 80-100 / 80-100
(enterprise visitor, business super,
S400 80-100 80-100 160-200
station, airport)
） S500 80-100 80-100 160-220
S550 80-110 80-110 160-220
For reference only
S350 15-20 15-20 30-40
S650 80-110 80-110 160-220
Outdoor security scene
S800 40-50 40-50 80-100
(concert, business super activity)

S800 80-100 80-100 160-200

Ordinary outdoors
(square, scenic spot)
S900 80-100 80-100 160-200
Process map

Summary
design

Building and
Building Signal Interference Structure
drawing
material attenuation detection distribution
proofreading

Power AP Personnel
Result line layout
supply position distribution

• Investigation process: engineering personnel, customer IT leaders, property and

Site survey construction parties.
checklist • The engineer needs to deliver the results to the client and the construction team, and
record them.
Building and drawing proofreading

• Get the detailed architectural drawings, including the floor plan of the target floor, the facade of all
directions, the construction drawings of the electric well inside the building, and mark the position of the
property to allow the perforation of the line.
• Is there any discrepancy between the proportion of architectural drawings and actual buildings?
• Determine the number of access terminals in each area, and estimate the number of AP layout in different
regions.
• Determine the networking mode of the equipment; determine the placement of equipment in the computer
room and floor converging switchboard, and the available transmission lines.
• Take sufficient number of digital photos to fully reflect the structural details and outline of the building.
• Record the height and position of the building crossbeam. Check whether the AP signal will be blocked
when AP is celling deployment
Building material
Obstacle Attenuation Example
open side none Cafeteria, courtyard

• Survey the position and thickness of the bearing Woodwork Less Inner wall, office partition, door, floor

wall Plaster Less Inner wall

• Survey the material and thickness of the inner Synthetic material Less Office partition

walls, floors, doors and windows, and estimate Coal cinder brick Less Inner wall and exterior wall

the penetration loss. asbestos Less Ceiling

• Record ceiling, chandelier material Glass Less A colorless window

• Record other building materials, especially Metal net in glass Moderate Door, partition

metal and silver mirrors. Metallic glass Less A window with color
Body Moderate A group of people

The estimation of signal penetration loss, for Water Moderate A damp wood, glass cylinder, organism

example, on the right map: Brick Moderate Inner wall, exterior wall, ground
Marble Moderate Inner wall, exterior wall, ground
ceramic High Ceramic tiles, ceilings
Paper High Paper
Concrete High ground and exterior wall、bearing beam
Bulletproof glass High Safety shed
Plate with silver Very High Mirror
Desk, office partition, concrete, elevator, filing
Metal Very High
cabinet, ventilation equipment
Signal attenuation measure
The reference values of various materials for signal attenuation are as
follows.： When measuring the attenuation of AP signals such as
Obstacle Attenuatin Example Attenuation walls, the angle of incidence of AP signals should be
Wood Less Office partition 3-6dB
considered.
Plastic Less Inner wall 3-6dB Slanting signal
Synthetic material Less Office partition 3-6dB
Direct signal
asbestos Less ceiling 3-6dB
Glass Less Window 8dB
Water Moderate Fish pond 8-10dB
Brick Moderate Inner wall 8-12dB
Marble Moderate Inner wall 10-12dB
Paper Very High wallpaper 12-15dB
Concrete Very High Floor 12-20dB
bearing wall Very High Cement wall 20dB
Bulletproof glass Very High Safety compartment Over 20dB
Concrete floor Very High Floor Over 30dB
Lift Very High Lift 20-40dB

The thickness of the oblique signal through the wall is much larger than that of the direct signal,
which seriously affects the quality of the signal.
Interference source detection

• Confirm whether there are interference sources for 2G, 3G antennas and radio base stations.
• Confirm whether there is a WIFI router and test the channel distribution.
• Confirm whether there are interference sources such as microwave ovens, wireless cameras,
cordless phones, etc.
• Other frequency band interference in the same frequency band
Structure distribution

• Confirmation of building structure, rectangular office, circular exhibition hall,

polygonal building confirmation
• Confirm whether the special structure will seriously shield the signal transmission.
• Whether the building structure meets the conditions of suction top and wall hanging
Personnel distribution

• Confirm the signal hot spot and the blind spot area
• Confirm key coverage areas
• Confirm the personnel distribution and number of wireless terminals
AP Positon

• confirm that AP is ceiling, wall hanging or using panels.

• whether the location of AP meets the installation conditions and whether there are
obstacles in the linear distance with the user area.
• Confirm the existence of strong magnetic field, strong electricity or strong corrosive
environment in the AP installation position.
• AP installation location is approved by customer and owner
Line layout

• Understand the existing line layout of wire network

• Confirm cable layout and length measurement combined with building structure.
• AP deployment location needs decoration, record the location of decoration, and
detailed renovation plan.
Power supply

According to the actual situation of customers, choose AP power

supply mode as follows:
• POE switch
• PoE injector
• Local power supply
Output of results

Output results: combined with drawings and text, including the following:
• AP position in the drawing of the logo and the number of AP
• AP installation: loading, wall hanging, or ceiling suction, height of wall hanging, height of suction, installation
height.
• Distance estimation between AP
• The power supply mode of AP
• Identify the channels that should be used when the AP fixed channel operation mode includes the 2.4G band
channel and the 5.8G band channel.
• The position of the existing power outlet
• Location of 7, POE switch
• The thickness and location of the load-bearing wall, the location needed to decorate and the matters needing
attention in the course of decoration.
• other WIFI signal intensity in key areas covering key areas, WIFI SSID name and working channel.
• avoid SSID conflicts and channel conflicts, and mark the name and location of the interference sources, such as
microwave oven, cordless telephone.
• key coverage areas, and user access evaluation of terminal access in the region.
Content

Contents
1 Site survey

2 Preparation

3 Scene exploration

4 Tools
Office scene

• Scene features: there are two kinds of architectural styles: one is an open office over the sky, the other is a closed office.
• Concurrent user: the number of access users is fixed, concurrent STA is moderate, STA type: tablet, mobile phone, computer.
• Main applications: Web browsing, video, OA system, download, QQ WeChat and other social applications.
• Bandwidth requirement: it has great relationship with application and needs to be understood clearly.
• Usage characteristics: high requirement for network stability, delay and speed, and roaming requirement.
• Factors of site survey: number of rooms, access numbers, single terminal traffic requirements, wall materials and thickness.
• Matters needing attention: interference from roaming and private connection.
• Design Description: the open office in the sky is arranged in honeycomb. For closed offices, similar to the hotel scenario, only the
bandwidth requirements of each user need to be considered here. The video conference room independently deploys a dual frequency
AP installed.
Open office

Scene Description: mostly for foreign companies, private enterprises, factory offices.
Note: honeycomb layout, pay attention to the distance between AP. The distance between AP is 15-30 meters.
AP type selection: S400, S500, S650,
The following is the formula for estimating AP. The actual quantity based on real situation. When the AP spacing is D,
the coverage area of a single AP is S.
Closed Office

Scene Description: it consists of a corridor and many enclosed compartments. It is the office of the
institutions of higher education, government and state-owned enterprises.

Single STA bandwidth <=2Mbps <=4Mbps 1-4Mbps >=4Mbps

Rooms of single room 8 4 2-3 1
Suggestion Power division Power division Ceiling Wall-in
Number of AP Rooms/ 8 Rooms/ 4 Rooms/ (2或 3) Number of rooms
Closed Office

Ceiling or Wall-in

Advantage：
1. the main coverage area signal strength is stable, from -40dBm to -
65dBm.
2. the panel AP solves the difficulty of backtracking of some weak
signal terminal walls, and ensures good access effect.
3. the signal into the room, the same room with the same frequency
interference signal, generally in 1 or 2.
4. The bandwidth is guaranteed.
Closed Office
Power division

1. the main coverage area signal strength is stable, from -

50dBm to -65dBm.
2. the signal into the room, the same room with the same
frequency interference signal, generally in 1 or 0.
3. save switch

Note: the introduction of office antenna into office requires wall

penetration and construction difficulties.

AP selection: S550
Content

Contents
1 Site survey

2 Preparation

3 Scene exploration

4 Tools
inSSIDer introduce

FILTERS:

The filtering conditions can be based on SSID, MAC, Channel and Signal.
inSSIDer introduce

Overlapping Count: SSID interference

Co-chancel Count: Number of same channel SSID
Radiotool
Calculation of dip angle according to distance
According to the antenna height, the width of the vertical main lobe and the coverage
distance of the directional antenna, the declination angle of the antenna can be calculated.
Summary

1. in the use of inSSIDer, terminals do not connect to wireless as far as possible.

2. Before the deployment of the outdoor AP directional antenna, the coverage distance should be calculated
according to the height of the antenna, the width of the main wave plate of the vertical plane and the angle
of the tilting of the antenna, and the coverage range is adjusted by adjusting the angle of the dip angle
when necessary.
Summary

Several important rules:

1. office scenes and serious interference must use dual frequency AP.
2. The spacing of AP in any scene is not less than 8 meters. The distance between the same channel AP is not less than
15 meters.
3. AP ceiling installation, the need to consider the ceiling material, if the inorganic composite board, plasterboard, less
attenuating, can be installed in the ceiling, if the aluminum plate, more attenuating, suggested installation in the
ceiling mounted on the ceiling, or to use the beautification antenna.
4. when we open space exploration, we must consider what to put in the late stage. For example, the dormitory is
empty in the early stage, but after that, there may be metal tables and empty warehouses. After that, many metal
shelves may be placed. These can cause the risk of signal coverage.
5. be sure do the site survey and test before the deployment. Don't "look at the picture".
Question time
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