Computer System

What is a Computer?
Computer is an electronic data processing device.
It takes the data as a input, process the data then gives the data as a output.
COMPUTER ORGANIZATION
INPUT
DEVICES

OUTPUT
HARDWARE DEVICES

SYSTEM
UNIT

COMPUTER SYSTEM
ORGANIZATION SOFTWARE SOFTWARE

APPLICATION
SOFTWARE

USER
LIVEWARE

OPERATOR
 INPUT DEVICES

SCANNER
CAMERA
WEBCAM

Mic

LIGHT PEN

KEYBOARD

MOUSE
JOYSTICK
 OUTPUT DEVICES

HEADPHONE
SPEAKER
PROJECTOR

MONITOR

PRINTER

PLOTTER
SOUND CARD
 Generations of Computer

The development of modern computers can be classified into generations.

They are as follows:

First generation computers

Second generation computers
Third generation computers
Fourth generation computers
Fifth generation computers
 The First Generation of Computers (1942-1955)

Computers of first generation were made using

Vacuum tubes and magnetic drums. The vacuum
tubes produced a lot of heat. As a result, the
filaments of these tubes had got burned frequently.
Here are the features of these computers:

 Programming was done in machine language (the lowest-level programming language).

 Computers were a big size and it was difficult to handle them.

 They consumed a lot of electricity and generated a lot of heat.

 Second Generation of Computers (1956-1963)

Second generation computers used transistors instead of vacuum tubes. The use of transistors made
Computers smaller, faster, more reliable and cheaper. These computers used less energy than before.
Programming become easier with these computers. These computers were mainly used in the atomic
energy industry.
Examples include the IBM 7077 and UNIVAC 1108 computers.

Transistors IBM 7077 UNIVAC 1108

 Third Generation of Computers (1964-1971)

Third generation computers used Integrated Circuits (ICs) as their main working components
The use of ICs made computers more
powerful, faster, reliable and cheaper.
Different programs could be run on
these computers simultaneously.
Computers came within the reach
of the common man. Examples
include the Altair and IBM 370 computers. Altair

Integrated
Circuits
 Fourth Generation of Computers (1971-1988)

Fourth generation computers were the modern computers and were being further developed.
These computers had microprocessor chips . They used Very Large Scale Integerated (VLSI) circuits .
The use of microprocessors had made the computers to become compact, powerful, fast and much
cheaper. The mouse and other handheld devices, such as joystick, were developed during this phase.
Desktop, laptop, mobile computers were examples of fourth generation computers.

Desktop Laptop Mobile

 Fifth Generation of Computers (1989-Present)
This generation of computers makes use of Ultra Scale Large Integrated (USLI) circuits. Computers
depend on us for instructions. We need to give correct and logical instructions in order to get the
correct output from the computers. If the instructions have incorrect logic, the computer will stop
processing it as it does not have intelligence of its own to correct the error. Fifth generation
computers are computer of the future. Computers with artificial intelligence are being developed
which will enable them to function on their own. The main goals of this generation are to develop
computers which would have the following features :
 Artificial intelligence
 Able to recognize voice
 Able to recognize images and graphs
 Able to solve highly complex problems including
decision-making, logical reasoning, etc.
 Use more than one CPU for faster processing speed

Examples : Robots, quantum computers, nano computers

 Computer Memory
Inside the computer there are different storage areas where it keeps data or information permanently
or temporarily while working. This storage area is known as the MEMORY of the computer.

The memory of the computer is divided into categories :

 Primary Memory

 Secondary Memory

Memory

Primary Secondary
Memory Memory

CD Magnetic Flash
Smart Hard
RAM ROM (Compact
Card Disk Disk) Tape Drive
Notepad :- notepad is a simple text editing program. Which is used to create a Simple
document and a webpage. The extension name of notepad is .txt
Ex:- Ramu.txt {Note- here Ramu is a primary filename and .txt is
extension/secondary filename}

Restore down
 MS-Paint : Microsoft Paint, also known as Paint, is a simple program that allows users to create basic
Graphic art on a Computer. Included with every version of Microsoft Windows since in inception. Paint
Provides basic functionality for drawing and painting in color or black and white, as well as shaped
Stencils and cured tools.
WordPad :- WordPad is a basic word processor that is included with almost all the
versions of Microsoft Windows from Windows 95 onwards. It is more advanced then
Microsoft notepad but simpler then Microsoft word.
Ex:- Ramu.rtf {Note- here Ramu is primary filename and .rtf is extension/secondary
filename}
 Microsoft word
 Microsoft excel
 Microsoft PowerPoint
 Microsoft Access
 Microsoft office package 1995/97/98/ 2007/10/13/16/19
2000/2003/xp

Microsoft Word Document .doc .docx

Microsoft Excel Spreadsheet .xls .xlsx

Microsoft PowerPoint Presentation .ppt .pptx

Microsoft Access Database .mdb .accdb

Microsoft Word :- Microsoft word is a word processor developed by Microsoft operation. By
the help of Microsoft word we can create,edit and print the document.
The extension name of Microsoft word is .docx
Ex:- Ramu.docx {Note- here Ramu is primary filename and .docx is extension/secondary
filename}
Microsoft Excel:- Microsoft excel is an electronic spreadsheet. Which is used to calculate the
various numbers using formulas and functions. The extension name of Microsoft excel is .xlsx
Ex:- Ramu.xlsx {Note- here Ramu is primary filename and .xlsx is extension/secondary
filename} .

Total number of columns in excel

Ex:- A,b,c,d…..xfd (16384)
Total number of rows in excel
Ex:- 1,2,3,4…..1048576
 MS-PowerPoint PowerPoint is a Microsoft presentation software program that creates a slide show of important
notes to display during a presentation. It is mostly used for business and school presentation.