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Membrane Structure and

Membrane Transport

Faculty of Dentistry
Universitas Islam Sultan Agung
2015
introduction
• All membranes of plasma, nuclear, or cytoplasmic have
same ultrastructure.
• Membrane provide a selectively permeable barrier.
• Plasma membrane allow transporting:
– substances from one side of membrane to another or
a low concentration region into higher concentration.
– specific ions that is especially critical for nerve and
muscle cells.
• Plasma membrane plays a critical role in signal
transduction.
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Faculty of Dentistry
Universitas Islam Sultan Agung
2015
Oral biology departement
Faculty of Dentistry
Universitas Islam Sultan Agung
2015
Oral biology departement
Faculty of Dentistry
Universitas Islam Sultan Agung
2015
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2015
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Membrane Structure
Cellular membranes have 4 components:
1. phospholipid bilayer
2. transmembrane proteins
3. interior protein network
4. cell surface markers

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Universitas Islam Sultan Agung
2015
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Universitas Islam Sultan Agung
2015
Cell Membrane

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Phospholipids
Phospholipid consists of
 glycerol – a 3-carbon
polyalcohol acting as a
backbone for the
phospholipid
 2 fatty acids attached to
the glycerol
 phosphate group attached
to the glycerol

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2015
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Universitas Islam Sultan Agung
2015
Phospholipids bilayer
Hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions spontaneously
forms a bilayer:
-fatty acids are on the inside
-phosphate groups are on both surfaces of bilayer

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Faculty of Dentistry
Universitas Islam Sultan Agung
2015
Oral biology departement
Faculty of Dentistry
Universitas Islam Sultan Agung
2015
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2015
Cholesterol in Lipid Bilayer of
Cell Membranes

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2015
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Membrane Proteins
Membrane proteins have various
functions:
1. transporters
2. enzymes
3. cell surface receptors
4. cell surface identity markers
5. cell-to-cell adhesion proteins
6. attachments to the cytoskeleton

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2015
Functions of Membrane
Proteins

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- Hydrophobic molecules may directly
move across the cell membrane

- Hydrophilic molecules can not move


across cell membrane

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2015
Membrane transport fall in two
classes : Pasive Transport &
Active Transport

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Passive Transport
1. Channel proteins
include:
- ion channels allow the passage of ions (charged
atoms or molecules) which are associated with water
- gated channels are opened or closed in response
to a stimulus
- the stimulus may be chemical or electrical
2. Transporter mediated (no energy required)

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2015
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Facilitated diffusion: ion channel
- Type of ion channels depend on the mechanism to
open the gate of the channel

Figure 11-21 Molecular Biology of the Cell(© Garland Science 2008)


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Transporter mediating passive
transport
Facilitated diffusion:
- is movement of a molecule from high to low concentration with the
help of a carrier protein
- No external source of energyis provided allows polar and charged
molecules, such as carbohydrates, amino acids, nucleosides, and
ions, to cross the plasma membrane
Figure 11-5 and 11-3b Molecular Biology of the Cell(© Garland Science 2008)

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Active Transport

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1. uniporters – move one molecule at a time
2. symporters – move two molecules in the same direction
3. antiporters – move two molecules in opposite directions
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Sodium-potassium (Na+-K+) pump
- an active transport mechanism
- uses an antiporter to move 3 Na+ out of cell & 2 K+ into cell
- ATP is used to change conformation of the carrier protein
- affinity of carrier protein for either Na+ or K+ changes so the ions can be
carried across membrane

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Figure 11-14 Molecular BiologyFaculty
of the of
Cell(© Garland Science 2008)
Dentistry 30
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Coupled transport
- uses energy released when a
molecule moves by diffusion to
supply energy to active
transport of a different
molecule
- a symporter is used- glucose-Na+
symporter captures energy
from Na+ diffusion to move
glucose against a concentration
gradient

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2015
Intra seluler & interseluler
Transport

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Bulk Transport
Bulk transport of substances is accomplished by
1. endocytosis – movement of substances into cell
2. exocytosis – movement of materials out of the cell

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Endocytosis
Endocytosis occurs when plasma membrane envelops food
particles and liquids.
1. phagocytosis – the cell takes in particulate matter
2. pinocytosis – the cell takes in only fluid
3. receptor-mediated endocytosis
specific molecules are taken in
after they bind to a receptor
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Exocytosis
Exocytosis occurs when material is discharged from the cell.
- vesicles in cytoplasm fuse with cell membrane and release their
contents to exterior of the cell
- used in plants to export cell wall material
- used in animals to secrete hormones, neurotransmitters, digestive
enzymes

Oral biology departement


Faculty of Dentistry
Universitas Islam Sultan Agung
2015
Oral biology departement
Faculty of Dentistry
Universitas Islam Sultan Agung
2015

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