Single phase

rectifier
Hello!
Presented by:
Datingaling, Edward
Evangelista, Nica
Galino, Shara Mae
Javier, Aeron Aira
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1. What is Rectifier?
2. What is Single Phase Rectifier?
3. Half-wave Rectifier
4. Full-wave Rectifier
5. Applications
6. Advantages of Rectifier

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 1.
What is rectifier?

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× A rectifier is an electrical device that converts
an Alternating Current (AC) into a Direct
Current (DC) by using one or more P-N junction
diodes.

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 2.
What is a
single phase
rectifier?
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× In a single-phase rectifier, the input of the
rectifier is one phase AC power.
× There are two types of single-phase rectifier such
as:
a. Half-wave Rectifier
b. Full-wave Rectifier

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 3.
Half wave
rectifier

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× The half wave rectifier is a type of rectifier which converts
half of the AC input signal (positive half cycle) into pulsating
DC output signal and the remaining half signal (negative half
cycle) is blocked or lost. In half wave rectifier circuit, we use
only a single diode.

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× During the positive half cycle, the diode is under forward
bias condition. During the negative half cycle, the diode
is under reverse bias condition. The voltage output is
measured across the load resistance. During the
positive half cycles the output is positive and significant.
And during the negative half cycle the output is zero or
insignificant. This is known as half wave rectification.

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× PN junction diode conducts only during the forward bias
condition. Half wave rectifier uses the same principle as
PN junction diode and thus converts AC to DC. In a half-
wave rectifier circuit, a load resistance is connected in
series with the PN junction diode. Alternating current is
the input of the half wave rectifier. A step down
transformer takes input voltage and the resulting
output of the transformer is given to the load resistor
and to the diode.

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During the positive half cycle, the diode is under forward bias
condition. During the negative half cycle, the diode is under
reverse bias condition. The voltage output is measured
across the load resistance. During the positive half cycles
the output is positive and significant. And during the
negative half cycle the output is zero or insignificant. This is
known as half wave rectification.

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× During the positive half cycle, the diode is under forward bias
condition. During the negative half cycle, the diode is under
reverse bias condition. The voltage output is measured
across the load resistance. During the positive half cycles the
output is positive and significant. And during the negative
half cycle the output is zero or insignificant. This is known as
half wave rectification.

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 4.
Full wave
rectifier

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× The no-load output DC voltage of
an ideal half-wave rectifier for a
sinusoidal input voltage is:
where:
Vdc, Vav – the DC or average output voltage,
𝑉𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑘
Vpeak, the peak value of the phase input
𝑉𝑟𝑚𝑠= voltages,
2
Vrms, the rooot mean square (RMS) value of
𝑉𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑘 output voltage.
𝑉𝑑𝑐 =
𝜋

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× The full wave rectifier is a type of rectifier which
converts the full AC input signal (positive half
cycle and negative half cycle) to pulsating DC
output signal. Unlike the half wave rectifier, the
input signal is not wasted in full wave rectifier. The
efficiency of full wave rectifier is high as compared
to the half wave rectifier.

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× In a full wave rectifier circuit we use two diodes, one for each
half of the wave. A multiple winding transformer is used
whose secondary winding is split equally into two halves with
a common center tapped connection. Configuration results
in each diode conducting in turn when its anode terminal is
positive with respect to the transformer center point C
produces an output during both half-cycles. Full rectifier
advantages are flexible compared to that of half wave
rectifier.

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The full wave rectifier circuit consists of two power diodes
connected to a single load resistance (RL) with each diode
taking it in turn to supply current to the load resistor. When
point A of the transformer is positive with respect to point A,
diode D1 conducts in the forward direction as indicated by
the arrows. When point B is positive in the negative half of
the cycle with respect to C point, the diode D2 conducts in
the forward direction and the current flowing through
resistor R is in the same direction for both half-cycles of the
wave.
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× The output voltage across the resistor R is the phasor sum of
the two waveforms, it is also known as a bi-phase circuit.The
spaces between each half-wave developed by each diode is
now being filled in by the other. The average DC output
voltage across the load resistor is now double that of the
single half-wave rectifier circuit and is about 0.637Vmax of
the peak voltage by assuming no losses. VMAX is the
maximum peak value in one half of the secondary winding
and VRMS is the rms value.

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× The peak voltage of the output waveform is the same as
before for the half-wave rectifier provided each half of
the transformer winding have the same rms voltage. To
obtain a different DC voltage output different transformer
ratios can be used. The disadvantage of this type of full wave
rectifier circuit is that a larger transformer for a given power
output is required with two separate but identical secondary
windings makes this type of full wave rectifying circuit costly
compared to the Full Wave Bridge Rectifier circuit.

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× The average and RMS no-load output voltages of an ideal
single-phase full-wave rectifier are:
2 ∙ 𝑉𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑘
𝑉𝑑𝑐 = 𝑉𝑎𝑐 =
𝜋
𝑉𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑘
𝑉𝑟𝑚𝑠 =
√2

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 5.
applications

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× Battery charger - The AC adapter of the laptop connected to
the AC source converts the high AC voltage or high AC
current into low DC voltage or low DC current. This low DC
current is supplied to the laptop battery and this is what we
called laptop charging. However, the laptop will not turn on
unless you manually turned it on by pressing the on button.
When you press the laptop "power on" button, the laptop
battery starts supplying DC current.

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× Dc power supply - Rectifiers are applied mainly in DC
power supply. Its main function in the power supply is to
convert the incoming alternating current and voltage to
direct current which is then filtered using a bank of
capacitors and then regulated to, for example, 5V,9V, 12V
and so on depending on the specification.

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 6.
Advantages
of rectifier

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1. With the advent of low-cost semiconductors in rectifiers,
DC power supply has become cheaper
2. Rectifiers will help mitigate the usage of a center-tapped
transformer which means more portable packaging
3. Rectifiers are suitable for high voltage and low voltage
application
4. Rectifiers have less peak inverse voltage for each diode

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THANKS!
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× https://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/power/single-phase-rectification.html
× https://www.physics-and-radio-electronics.com/electronic-devices-and-
circuits/rectifier/rectifier-whatisrectifier.html
× https://www.watelectrical.com/what-is-a-rectifier-half-wave-full-wave-
rectifier-theory-types-applications/
× https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rectifier#Rectifier_ devices
× https://www.elprocus.com/full-wave-rectifier-circuit-working-theory/
× https://electronicscoach.com/difference-between-half-wave-and-full-
wave-rectifier.html

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