CE-1

CIVIL ENGINEERING
ORIENTATION
Civil Engineering
• Civil engineering is a professional engineering discipline that deals
with the design, construction, and maintenance of the physical and
naturally built environment including works like roads, bridges,
canals, dams, and buildings.
History of Civil Engineering
• There was no clear distinction between civil engineering and
architecture, and the term engineer and architect were mainly
geographical variations referring to the same occupation and often
used interchangeably.

• The construction of pyramids in Egypt were some of the first

instances of large structure constructions.
• Early examples of Civil Engineering
1. Egyptian pyramids
2. Mayan pyramids
3. Qanat (water management system)
4. Roman aqueduct
Egyptian pyramids

• Ancient pyramid-
shaped masonry
structures located in
Egypt
• 118 or 138 the
number of identified
Egyptian pyramids.
• A view of the
pyramid at Giza
from the plateau to
the south of the
complex
Chichen Itza
• pyramid-shaped
structures form a
prominent part of
ancient Mesoamerican
structure.
• Chichen Itza was a
large pre-Columbian
city in Mexico built by
the Maya people of the
Post classic
Qanat

• Water management
system
• sloping underground
channel to transport
water from an
aquifer or water well
Roman Aqueduct

• It was built in 312 BC

• A channel used to
transport fresh water to
highly populated areas
The Roles of Civil and Military Engineer in
Ancient Times
• During era of battles, engineers were engaged to assist the soldiers by
making catapults, towers and other instruments used for fighting the
enemy.

• During peace time, they were concerned with the civil activities (
building fortifications for defense, making bridges, canals, etc).
• On the 18th century, the term civil engineering was firstly used
independently from the term military engineering.
• John Smeaton was the first engineer to call himself a “ civil engineer”
and constructed the Eddystone Lighthouse
• He founded the Society of Engineers in 1771. This society came to be
called Institution of Civil Engineers.
Eddystone Lighthouse

An aerial view of the fourth

lighthouse.
History of roads in the Philippines
• Department of Public Works and Highways or DPWH has been long
withstanding as the infrastructure arm of the Philippines. It started
during the Spanish Colonial Era.

• It was during in the American Period when the roadways were

developed in the Philippines.
Ayala Avenue in 1950’s
EDSA in 1950’s
History of railroad in the Philippines
• The first railroad in the Philippines was inaugurated on Nov. 24, 1892,
nearly two decades after King Alfonso XII of Spain issued a decree for
the establishment of a railroad system in Luzon.

• The line was founded as Ferrocarril de Manila-Dagupan. It became

Manila Railroad Co. Construction of the railroad began in 1888. The
line covered 195 kilometers from Manila to Dagupan in Pangasinan.
Ferrocarril de Manila-Dagupan

The line
covered 195
kilometers
from Manila to
Dagupan in
Pangasinan
Activity 1