A PROJECT PRESENTATION ON

“An Experimental Investigation of Fly Ash Based

Steel Fibre Reinforced Concrete ”
Presented By:
GIRISH KUMAR V S (1CK13CV014)
PRAFUL B S (1CK13CV030)
RAJESH S R (1CK13CV036)
MANOHAR S N (1CK14CV0410)

Under the Guidance of:

Er. RAVI CHANDRA R
Asst Prof. Dept. of Civil Engg.
C B I T, Kolar

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

C BYREGOWDA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
1 KOLAR-563101
2016 – 2017
 Contents
 Abstract
 Introduction
 Literature review
 Objectives and Scope of the study
 Materials used
 Methodology
 Results & Discussion
 Conclusion
 References

2
 Why this project has been taken ?
 Almost in all thermal power plants fly ash is
produced as a by product, but some amount of fly
ash is used in cement industry for manufacturing
cement (PPC)and remaining is a waste.
 In spite of this we are facing huge disposal
problems. In order to overcome this disposal
problem this residual fly ash can be effectively
used in a construction industry.
 To improve the tensile strength of the concrete.

3
 Abstract
This project deals with the effects of addition of various
proportions of steel fibres, flyash on the properties of strength of
concrete. An experimental study was carried out to explore its
effects on compressive strength and split tensile strength a under
different days of curing condition. The main aim of this
investigation is to study the effect of steel fibre mix by varying
content such as 1.0%, 2.0%, and 3.0% and Flyash of 10%, 15%
and 20% finding the optimum steel fibre content and fly ash
content.
4
 INTRODUCTION
 Many different technologies are being built all over the world,

but construction using the concrete always occupies the top

place.

 In all these constructions, usage of cement is unavoidable as it

is the soul of concrete.

 But we all know that cement production has to be reduced due

to the emission of carbon dioxide during its manufacture.

 In 1911 Porter found that fibre could be used in concrete. Early

1900 he saw the use of asbestos fibre.

5
 Contd..,
 The demand for high strength, crack resistant and lighter

concrete resulted in development of fiber reinforced

concrete.

 The role of steel fibers are essentially to arrest any

advancing cracks and improves the split tensile strength of

the concrete.

6
 Comparision of chemical composition
between cement and flyash.
CEMENT FLYASH
Oxides (%) Oxides (%)
CaO 65 CaO 3.04
SiO2 23 SiO2 50.41
Al2O3 6 Al2O3 30.66
Fe2O3 3 Fe2O3 3.34
MgO 1.5 MgO 0.93
7 Alkalis 1.5 Alkalis 3.07
 LITERATURE REVIEW

SL. Name of the

Journal title year of publish Related points
NO. author

The parameters of investigation

An Investigation on included fresh properties of different
Properties of Fibre fibre reinforced concrete with flyash,
1. S. P. Singh et al Reinforced Concrete compressive strength and split tensile
With flyash. strength.
(2011)

The result shows that addition of

V.M. Structural Behaviour of steel fibre with flyash has a little
Sounthararajan Fibrous Concrete Using effect on the compressive strength,
2.
and Steel Fibres with flyash. but there was significant increase in
A. Sivakumar (2013) the tensile strength with increase in
fibre volume fraction.

8
 Contd..
Name of the
SL. NO. Journal title year of publish Related points
author

28-day compressive strength,

split tensile strength, flexural
Saravana Raja Behavioural study of steel
toughness, and impact
3. Mohan and fiber with flyash
resistance tests were
Parthiban Reinforced concrete (2013)
performed in the hardened
state.

Flyash based Steel Fiber

Reinforced Concrete - A Various issues related to the
Jayeshkumar
4. Review manufacture and strength of
Pitroda, et.al
(2014) Steel Fiber Reinforced with
flyash are also discussed.

9
 Contd..
SL. Name of the Journal title and year of
Related points
NO. author publish

This paper emphasizes on STEEL

FIBRE REINFORCED
Study of flyash based
Marthong, et.al CONCRETE PAVEMENTS,
5. fibre reinforced
. which is a recent advancement in
Concrete (2014)
the field of reinforced concrete
pavement design.

The study deals with the

Performance of Steel effects of addition of various
Nguyen Van Fibre Reinforced proportions of steel fibers on
6.
Chanh Concrete. the properties of High strength
(2015) concrete (M30and M40
mixes).

10
 Summary of literature review.

 The increase in percentage of steel fiber results only in

increase of tensile strength. The nominal percentage of
steel fiber should not exceed 2% of the volume of
concrete
 Steel fiber gives a considerable strength increase in
compression and since it reduces workability it must
be added in lesser amount.
 When steel fibers are added in the fly ash (FA)
concrete, the best proportion is found to be 2%.

11
 Objectives and Scope of the study
 The objective of the present work is to investigate
experimentally various properties of flyash based Steel
Fibre Reinforced Concrete (SFRC) for structural
applications.
 To develop SFRC that can overcome the draw backs like
brittleness, multiple cracking under crushing loads.
 The behaviour of FRC by Steel Fibre.

12
 Contd..
The Physical properties of SFRC.

The strength properties of SFRC

The strength characteristics of compressive

strength Steel FRC.
The strength characteristics of split tensile
strength SFRC.
13
 MATERIALS used
 Cement: The cement was used in this
investigation of FRC is ordinary Portland cement
(OPC) of 53 Grade.
 Fine Aggregates: Good quality of natural sand
(ZONE II) as per IS: 8112-1989. The material
whose particle size is less than 4.75mm as per IS
recommendations.

14
 Contd..
 Coarse Aggregates: The coarse aggregate used in this

experimental investigation are of 20mm down size.

 Fly Ash:Fly ash of class F grade was from Raichur Thermal

power plant (RTPS) was used in present work

 Steel Fibres: In this experimental study we are used

Steel fibre having a length of 60mm aspect ratio 80 as
shown in FIG 1.
15
 fig 1: Steel fibre

 Water: Water used for mixing and curing of concrete

shall be clean and free from impurities. It shall meet the

requirements stipulated in IS: 456-2000.
16
 METHODOLOGY

1. Selecting the project from number of ideas

2. Literature study on selected topic
3. Material collection
4. Basic tests on materials
5. Mix design
6. Casting of concrete blocks & cylinders
7. Testing
8. Analysis of test results & compared with conventional concrete
blocks & cylinders
17
 Physical Properties of Cement

Properties Values

Specific Gravity 3.06

Standard Consistency(%) 30

Initial setting time(min) 120

Final setting time(min) 540

18
Properties of Coarse Aggregate

Properties Values

Specific Gravity 2.56

Fineness Modulus 2.9

Bulk Density (Kg/m3) 1640

Water absorption (%) 0.89

Gradation Well graded

19
 Properties of Fine Aggregate

Properties Results

Specific Gravity 2.70

Fineness modulus 2.73

Bulk density (Kg/m3) 1570

Water absorption (%) 1.0

Gradation Zone – II
20
 Properties of Flyash
Properties Values

Ph 11.00

Specific
gravity 2.13

21
22
 1. PROPERTIES OF FRESH
CONCRETE
•SLUMP TEST

2. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF
SFRC

•COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH
•SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH
23
 SLUMP TEST

SLUMP TEST FOR M20 GRADE CONCRETE

W/c Ratio Slump

0.40 50mm

0.45 80mm

0.50 140mm

0.55 170mm

24
 SLUMP TEST FOR FIBER REINFORCED CONCRETE

% of % of Slump
SL NO
Fiber Flyash mm

1 1 10 100
2 2 10 80
3 3 10 10

1 1 15 100
2 2 15 60
3 3 15 15

1 1 20 120
2 2 20 60
3 3 20 10

25
 Compressive Strength Test – Cube Specimen
Fly Ash Replacement-10%
Percentage of Failure Load 'P' Compressive
Curing Days
Fiber (kN) Strength (MPa)
7 630 28.00
1.0% 14 510 22.66
28 850 37.8

7 785 34.89
2.0% 14 800 35.56
28 875 38.8
7 520 23.56
3.0% 14 650 28.89
28 750 33.4

26
 Compressive strength MPa
10% Flyash 15% Flyash
Compressive strength MPa

35
40
30
35

30 25

25 20

15 15% Flyash
20
10% Flyash
15 10

10 5

5 0
0 1 2 3 4
0
0 1 2 3 4 % of Fiber
% of Fiber
20% Flyash
35
Compressive strength MPa

30

25

20

15 20% Flyash
10

0 7 Days Compressive Strength

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5

% of Fiber
27
 40
40
Compressive strength MPa

Compressive strength MPa

35 35

30 30

25 25
10% Flyash 10% Flyash
20 20
15% Flyash 15% Flyash
15 20% Flyash 15 20% Flyash
10 10

5 5

0
0
1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4

% of Fiber % of Fiber

7 Days Compressive Strength

28
 Calculation of compressive strength
Fly Ash Replacement-15%
Percentage of Failure Load 'P' Compressive
Curing Days
Fiber (kN) Strength (MPa)
7 450 20
1.0% 14 500 22.22
28 565 25.11

7 675 30
2.0% 14 700 31.11
28 765 34

7 565 25.11
3.0% 14 590 26.22
28 690 30.67

29
 Compressive strength MPa
Compressive strength MPa
10% Flyash
40
15% Flyash
35 35

30 30

25 25

20 20
10% Flyash 15 15% Flyash
15
10
10
5
5
0
0
0 1 2 3 4
0 1 2 3 4

% of Fiber % of Fiber

20% Flyash
Compressive strength MPa

40

35

30

25

20
20% Flyash
15

10

5 14 Days Compressive Strength

0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5
30
% of Fiber
 Compressive strength MPa 14 Days Compressive Strength
40

35

30

25
10% Flyash
20
15% Flyash
15
20% Flyash
10

0
0 1 2 3 4 40

Compressive strength MPa

% of Fiber 35

30

25
10% Flyash
20
15% Flyash
15 20% Flyash
10

0
1 2 3

% of Fiber
31
 Compressive strength Test
Fly Ash Replacement-20%
Percentage of Failure Load 'P' Compressive
Curing Days
Fiber (kN) Strength (MPa)
7 495 22
1.0% 14 520 23.11
28 545 24.22

7 745 33.11
2.0% 14 760 33.11
28 775 34.45

7 655 29.11
3.0% 14 660 29.33
28 675 30.00

32
 Compressive strength MPa
Compressive strength MPa
10% Flyash
40
15% Flyash
40
39 35
38 30
25
37
20
15% Flyash
10% Flyash 15
36
10
35
5
34 0
0 1 2 3 4
33
0 1 2 3 4
% of Fiber
% of Fiber
20% Flyash
Compressive strength MPa

40
35
30
25
20
20% Flyash
15
10
5
28 Days Compressive Strength
0
0 1 2 3 4
33 % of Fiber
 45
Compressive strength MPa
40
28 Days Compressive Strength
35

30

25 10% Flyash
20 15% Flyash
20% Flyash
15

10

0
0 1 2 3 4 45
% of Fiber
40

Compressive strength MPa

35

30

25 10% Flyash
20 15% Flyash
20% Flyash
15

10

0
1 2 3
34
% of Fiber
 SL NO CURING PERIOD COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH (Mpa)

CONVENTIONAL FRC WITH 2% Fibre &

(Days)
CONCRETE 10% Flyash

1 7 17.62 34.89

2 14 25.23 35.56

3 28 33.26 38.80

35
 45

40

35
Compressive Strength (MPa)

30

25
CONVENTIONAL
CONCRETE
20
FRC WITH 2% FIbre & 10%
15 Flyash

10

0
7 14 28

36 Curing Period (Days)

37
 Split Tensile strength- Cylinder Specimen
10% Flyash Replacement
Percentage of Failure Load 'P' Split Tensile
Curing Days
Fiber (kN) Strength (MPa)
7 210 2.97
1.0% 14 250 3.54
28 270 3.82

7 290 4.10
2.0% 14 325 4.60
28 350 4.95

7 200 2.83
3.0% 14 215 3.04
28 250 3.54

38
 Split Tensile strength MPa

Split Tensile strength MPa

10% Flyash 15% Flyash
4.5 3.5
4 3
3.5
2.5
3
2.5 2
2 10% Flyash 1.5 15% Flyash
1.5
1
1
0.5
0.5
0 0
0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4

% of Fiber % of Fiber
Split Tensile strength MPa

20% Flyash
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
20% Flyash
1.5
1
0.5
0
0 1 2 3 4
7 Days Split Tensile Streng
39
% of Fiber
 7 Days Split Tensile Strength
4.5
Split Tensile strength MPa
4

3.5

2.5
10% Flyash
2 15% Flyash
1.5 20% Flyash
1

0.5

0
0 1 2 3 4
4.5

% of Fiber Split Tensile strength MPa 4

3.5
3
2.5
10% Flyash
2 15% Flyash
1.5
20% Flyash
1
0.5
0
1 2 3

40
% of Fiber
 Split Tensile strength- Cylinder Specimen
15% Flyash Replacement
Percentage of Failure Load 'P' Compressive
Curing Days
Fiber (kN) Strength (MPa)
7 200 2.83
1.0% 14 220 3.11
28 250 3.54

7 215 3.04
2.0% 14 245 3.47
28 275 3.89

7 175 2.48
3.0% 14 190 2.69
28 200 2.83

41
 Split Tensile strength MPa
Split Tensile strength MPa
10% Flyash 15% Flyash
40
35
35
30
30
25
25 20
20 10% 15%
15
15 Flyash Flyash
10
10 5
5 0
0 1 2 3 4
0
0 1 2 3 4
% of Fiber
% of Fiber 20% Flyash
Split Tensile strength MPa

40
35
30
25
20
20% Flyash
15
10
5
0
0 1 2 3 4

42 14 Days Split Tensile Strength

% of Fiber
 14 Days Split Tensile Strength
Split Tensile strength MPa
40

35

30

25
10% Flyash
20
15% Flyash
15
20% Flyash
10

0
0 1 2 3 4
40

Split Tensile strength MPa

% of Fiber
35

30

25
10% Flyash
20
15% Flyash
15 20% Flyash
10

0
1 2 3

43 % of Fiber
 Split Tensile strength- Cylinder Specimen
20% Flyash Replacement
Percentage of Failure Load 'P' Compressive
Curing Days
Fiber (kN) Strength (MPa)
7 200 2.83
1.0% 14 230 3.25
28 250 3.54

7 255 3.61
2.0% 14 285 4.03
28 300 4.24

7 225 3.18
3.0% 14 250 3.54
28 275 3.89

44
 10% Flyash 15% Flyash
Split Tensile strength MPa

Split Tensile strength MPa

4.5
6
4
5 3.5
3
4
2.5
3 2 15% Flyash
10% Flyash
1.5
2
1
1 0.5
0
0
0 1 2 3 4
0 1 2 3 4

% of Fiber % of Fiber

20% Flyash
Split Tensile strength MPa

4.3
4.2
4.1
4
3.9
20% Flyash
3.8
3.7
3.6
3.5
0 1 2 3 4
45 28 Days Split Tensile Strength
% of Fiber
 6
28 Days Split Tensile Strength
Split Tensile strength MPa

10% Flyash
3
15% Flyash
20% Flyash
2

0
0 1 2 3 4 6
% of Fiber

Split Tensile strength MPa

5

10% Flyash
3
15% Flyash
20% Flyash
2

0
1 2 3
46 % of Fiber
 SL NO CURING PERIOD SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH (Mpa)

CONVENTIONAL FRC WITH 2% Fibre & 10%

DAYS
CONCRETE Flyash

1 7 1.96 4.1

2 14 2 4.6

3 28 3.54 4.95

47
 6

5
Split Tensile Strength (MPa)

3 CONVENTIONAL CONCRETE

FRC WITH 2% FIbre & 10%

Flyash
2

0
7 14 28
Curing Period (Days)
48
 CONCLUSION
 The compressive strength of SFRC for 2%fiber and 10% of
flyash is 38.8MPa.
 The slump value of SFRC is found to be 80mm (true slump).
 By comparing SFRC and conventional concrete the
compressive strength of SFRC is maximum at 2% fiber and
10% flyash.
 The split tensile strength of SFRC at 2% of fiber and 10% of
fly ash is maximum compared to other percentages of fiber
and flyash and also the conventional concrete.

49
 Contd..,
 The slump value found to be 100mm for 1% of fiber
and 10% of flyash replacement.It shows very good
slump value when compared to other other percentage.
 The slump value found to be 80mm for 2% of fiber
and 10% of flyash replacement.It shows considerable
slump value when compared to other other percentage.
 The slump value found to be 10mm for 3% of fiber
and 10% of flyash replacement.It shows very less
slump value when compared to other other percentage.

50
 SCOPE FOR FUTURE WORK
 The workability of the SFRC can be further increased by
adding superplasticizers.
 This SFRC can be used in all the constructional activities
especially for the structures which has to withstand heavier
loads like Underground Constructional Elements,
Airport Runways , High Raised Buildings .
 To avoid corrosion of steel fibres corrosive resistant
admixtures can be used.
 The compressive strength of concrete can be improved by
taking higher grades of cement.
 In future if geopolymer solution is used 100% of cement
can be replaced by flyash.
51
 Mix Design.
As per IS 10262-2009 and IS 456-2000, the mix design of concrete is done
.the water cement ration of 0.45.
Mix design: M20 grade normal concrete

 Proportioning Stipulations :
 Designation of grade : M20
 Cement used : OPC 53 grade
 Max size of aggregate : 20mm
 Min cement content : 320kg/m3
 Max water/cement ratio : 0.45
 Workability : 30-50 mm
 Exposure condition : moderate
 Max cement [OPC] content : 450kg/m3
 Supervision : Good
 Aggregate type : Crushed Angular
52
Test data for materials:
 Cement used = OPC 53 grade
 Specific gravity of cement = 3.06
Specific gravity of
 Coarse aggregate = 2.56
 Fine aggregate = 2.70
Water absorption
 Coarse aggregate = 0.89%
 Fine aggregate = 1.00%
Sieve analysis:
 Coarse aggregate: : conforming to grading zone II of table 3 of IS
10262_2009
 Fine aggregate: conforming to grading zone II of table 4 of IS 383.
53
Free moisture:
 Coarse aggregate: nil
 Fine aggregate: nil

TARGET STRENGTH FOR MIX PROPORTIONING

f’ck = Target average compressive strength at 28 days,
f’ck = fck + 1.65 s
fck = Characteristic compressive strength at 28 days,
s= Standard deviation
From Table 1 (10262 : 2009) standard deviation, s = 4 N/mm2
Therefore target strength = 20+ 1.65 x 4 = 26.6 N/mm2

SELECTION OF WATER CEMENT RATIO

From Table 5 of IS:456-2000, maximum water cement ratio = 0.50
Based on experience adopt water cement ratio as 0.45
186 liter of water for 1cubic meter of concrete is selected
Cement content Calculation :
Water cement ratio = 0.45
Cement content = 186/0.45 = 413.33 kg/m3
From table 5 of IS 456, minimum cement content for severe exposure conditions
413.33kg/m3> 320kg/m3 OK.
54
 Coarse aggregate and fine aggregate Proportionby volume
From table 3 volume of CA for W/C ratio of 0.5 = 0.62
Therefore, for W/C ratio of 0.45=0.63
Volume of coarse aggregate = 0.63
Volume of fine aggregate = 1-0.63=0.37

Calculation of mix:
Volume of concrete = 1 m3
a)Weight of cement = (186/.45)
=413.33kg
b)Volume of water = 186/1 x 1/1000 = 0.186m3

55
 c)Proportioning of Coarse Aggregate and Fine Aggregates
Fineness modulus of fine aggregates=2.73
volume of dry rounded coarse aggregates per unit volume of concrete=0.665 (sp 23)
mass of coarse aggregates = volume of Coarse aggregates x Bulk Density x1000
= 0.665x1.56x1000
=1037.4kg
e)Mass of fine aggregates
+ + + =1000

+ + + =1000
= 723.08 kg
Cement =372 Kg/m3
Water = 186 Kg/m3
Fine aggregates = 723.08Kg/m3
Coarse aggregates = 1037.4 Kg/m3
56Fly ash = 41.33 Kg/m3
 References:
[1] E. Arunakanthi Experimental Studies On Fiber Reinforced Concrete
(FRC) International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET)
Volume 7, Issue 5, September-October 2016

[2] Khadake S.N, Konapure C.G “An Experimental Study of Steel Fiber
Reinforced Concrete with Fly ash for M35 Grade”, International Journal of
Engineering Research and Applications, Vol. 3, No. 1, Pp. 950-953, 2013.

[3] M. Nithyalakshmiy, K. Nivetha, I. Bharathidasan A STUDY ON HYBRID

FIBRE REINFORCED FLYASH BASED CONCRETE International Journal of
Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 7, Issue 4, April-2016.

[4] N. Banthia and M. Pigeon, “Electrical Resistivity of Carbon and Steel

Fiber Reinforced Cements”, Cement and Concrete Research, Vol. 22, Pp.
804-814, 1992.
57
 Contd..,
[5] Okan Karahan and Cengiz Duran Atis “The Durability Properties of steel
Fiber Reinforced Fly ash concrete”, Materials and Design, Vol. 32, No. 2,
Pp. 1044-1049, 2011.
[6] Saravana Raj Mohan and K, Parthiban, “Strength and Behavior of Fly ash
based Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete Composite”, International Journal
of Civil and Structural Engineering, Vol. 2, No.1, Pp.318-328, 2011.
[7] Saiyad Waquar Husain “Strength and Behavior of Steel Fiber Reinforced
Concrete with Fly ash for M20 grade”, Global Journal of Multidisciplinary
Studies, Vol.4, No. 2, Pp. 256-259, 2015.
[8] V.M. Sounthararajan and A. Sivakumar, “Accelerated Engineering
Properties of High and Low Volume Fly ash Concretes Reinforced with
Glued Steel Fibres,” Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering, Vol. 7,
No. 4, Pp. 429–445, 2013.
[9] VINAYADEEP G M, BRIJBHUSHAN S, Strength aspects of hybrid fiber
reinforced concrete” International Research Journal of Engineering and
58
Technology (IRJET)
 Thank you

59