OILY WATER SEPERATOR

Regulatory Requirement
Operating Principle
Operating procedure
Construction
OCM principle
OIL DISCHARGE MONITORING & CONTROL EQUIPMENT
OILY WATER SEPERATOR
Regulatory Requirement

 Indiscriminate discharge of oil to marine environment was harmful as they

were affecting marine species and badly deteriorating the ecological
balance of nature.

 The black tar like substance thrown supposedly from oil tanker after tank
cleaning operation was very difficult to clean and killed many marine
species by choking their airways and organs.

 Therefore international legislation or regulatory requirement was essential to

completely ban the discharge of oil or oily emulsion to vast oceans.
OILY WATER SEPERATOR
Regulatory Requirement
 Marpol Annex I Regulation 14
 Oil Filtering Equipment
 Any ship 400grt and above but less than 10,000 grt shall be fitted with oil filtering
equipment complying with para 6 of the regulation
• Para 6 states 400 grt to 10,000grt
Oil filtering equipment shall be of a design approved by the Administration and will
ensure that any oily mixture discharged into the sea after passing through the
system has an oil content not exceeding 15ppm.
 Any ship more than10,000 grt and above shall be fitted with oil filtering
equipment complying with para 7 of the regulation
 Para 7 states above 10,000grt
In addition it shall be provided with an alarm arrangement to indicate that the
level cannot be maintained. The system shall also be provided with arrangements
to ensure that any discharge of oily mixtures are automatically stopped when the
oil content of the effluent exceeds 15ppm.
OILY WATER SEPERATOR
Regulatory Requirement
 Marpol Annex I Regulation 15
 Control of discharge of oil
 Discharge outside special areas
 Any discharge into the sea of oil or oily mixture from ships 400grt and above shall
be prohibited except for the following conditions
1. The ship is proceeding en route.
2. The oily mixture is processed through oil filtering equipment meeting the
regulation 14 of this Annex.
3. The oil content of the effluent without dilution does not exceed 15ppm.
4. The oily mixture does not originate from cargo pump room bilges on oil tankers.
5. The oily mixture, in case of oil tankers, is not mixed with cargo residues.
OILY WATER SEPERATOR
Regulatory Requirement
 Marpol Annex I Regulation 15
 Control of discharge of oil
 Discharge in special areas
 Any discharge into the sea of oil or oily mixture from ships 400grt and above
shall be prohibited except for the following conditions
1. The ship is proceeding en route.
2. The oily mixture is processed through oil filtering equipment meeting the
regulation 14.7 of this Annex.
3. The oil content of the effluent without dilution does not exceed 15ppm.
4. The oily mixture does not originate from cargo pump room bilges on oil tankers.
5. The oily mixture, in case of oil tankers, is not mixed with cargo residues.
In Antartic area, any discharge into the sea of oil or oily mixture from any ship shall
be prohibited.
OILY WATER SEPERATOR
Regulatory Requirement/Duties of OOW

 Whenever engineers are pumping out bilges through oily water separator,
duties of OOW, after receiving information
I. Note the time (UTC + local) and position of start of OWS

II. Note the time (UTC + local) and position of stop of OWS.

III. Check that pumping is done during day time as per company’s policy.

IV. Monitor the OWS overboard discharge side frequently and report to CE
incase of any abnormality.
OILY WATER SEPERATOR
Regulatory Requirement/ORB entry
OILY WATER SEPERATOR
Principle of Operation
OILY WATER SEPERATOR
Principle of Operation
OILY WATER SEPERATOR
Principle of Operation

 Based on gravity differential between oil and water

OILY WATER SEPERATOR
Principle of Operation

 Oil less denser than water, conventional difference in densities.

 Heating increases difference in densities, optimize separation.
 Turbulence or agitation to be avoided, it cause mixing or re entrainment of
oil. Vane/screw or gear pump suitable & laminar or stream line flow is
beneficial.
 Inlet area made large, so flow is slow, oil can move to surface quickly.
 Angled surface to be avoided.
 Fine gauge screens are used for coalescing or coagulating surface.
 Slower rate of separation, assist in making large size globules.
OILY WATER SEPERATOR
Schematic diagram
OILY WATER SEPERATOR
Operating principle
OILY WATER SEPERATOR
Operating principle
OILY WATER SEPERATOR
Operating principle
OILY WATER SEPERATOR
Fine separation filter and its precaution
OILY WATER SEPERATOR
2nd stage Fine separation filter

 The fine filter function is performed in a filter bed containing a mineral in

crystalline form, impregnated with a patented chemical compound on
vegetable oil base making the mineral particles lipophilic. The preference
of the oil droplets to wet the particles is so great that even droplets
stabilized by emulsifiers normally used in cleaning detergents are cracked
and the oil clings to the lipophilic surfaces.
 Water leaving the coarse separation stage is passed through the process
pump to the fine filter for further purification.
 The fine filter consists of vertical cylinder fitted with material enclosed
between fine mesh screens. Water enters from above and taken out from
bottom. Oil is absorbed in the fine filter essentially in the upper layer.
 Despite the highly lipophilic properties of the particles, the filter bed can be
cleaned by back-flushing, provided the back flushing is made with high
velocity making the bed to fluidize. The filter is therefore back flushed at
suitable intervals, leaving ample margins before oil saturates the filter bed.
OILY WATER SEPERATOR
2nd stage Fine separation filter

 Water for back flushing is kept in the third tank through which the purified
water is led. When back flushing, the water outlet valve is closed and the
water in the backflushing tank is forced by compressed air through the filter
bed.
 A return to bilge valve upstream of the filter is simultaneously opened and
the backflushing water is led to the bilge water tank. The small oil droplets
which have collected in the filter have coalesced on the particle surface
and oil removed from the filter during back flushing therefore has the
bigger drops. When these drops at a subsequent period of operation are
again brought to coarse separator they will settle as free oil and eventually
be discharged through the oil separator
OILY WATER SEPERATOR
Operating Instruction

 Starting Procedure
 Check all valves and lines for proper set up.
 Power to control panel and oil content meter “ON”
 Calibrate OCM for zero ppm by supplying with fresh water.
 The function of oil drain valve is checked by pressing the push button.
 Fill up the chamber with fresh water by keeping the vent valve open.
 Start the heater to raise the temperature to 50 degree centigrade.
 Start the separator either by starting the pump in manual or auto mode.
 Check the sample valve for oil content meter for water flow.
 When OCM detects more than 15 ppm, outlet is by passed to bilge holding
tank, closing overboard valve giving audio visual alarm.
 When oil probe detects oi in any chamber, oil outlet valve is opened to
sludge tank forcing oil out of the separator.
OILY WATER SEPERATOR
Operating Instruction

 Stopping Procedure
 Stop the pump
 Manually operate the oil drain valve to remove oil accumulation in the
chambers.
 Stop the heater.
 Shut all the valves, overboard valve has to be shut and sealed.
 Open the separator drain and vent the drain to separator.
 Flush the oil content meter using Fresh water.
 Put off the power source.
OILY WATER SEPERATOR
Maintenance Routines
OILY WATER SEPERATOR
Maintenance Routines
OILY WATER SEPERATOR
Trouble shooting
OILY WATER SEPERATOR
OIL CONTENT MONITOR PRINCIPLE
OILY WATER SEPERATOR
OIL CONTENT MONITOR PRINCIPLE
 A sample of treated water from OWS going over board is passed through a glass
tube (sampling chamber)through which a light is passed and is received at the
other end by a photo electric cell. Flow through the sampling chamber is made
rapid to reduce deposit on glass lenses. Also they are removed by frequent
cleaning.
 Bilge water passing through a sample chamber can be monitored by a strong
light, shining directly through it and on to the photo cell. Light reaching the cell
decreases with increasing oil content of the bilge water. The effect of this light
on the photo cell compared with direct light on the reference cell o the left of
the bulb can be registered on a meter calibrated to show oil content.
 The ppm of the oil is continuously monitored by the OCM; if the ppm is high, it will
give alarm and feed data to the control unit. The control unit continuously
monitors the output signal from OCM, and if alarm arises it will not allow the oily
water to go overboard by means of operating the 3 way solenoid valve.
 3 way valve inlet is from OWS discharge, where one outlet is overboard and the
second outlet is bilge holding tank. When OCM gives alarm, 3 way valve stops
the overboard discharge and directs the oily mixture back to bilge holding tank.
OILY WATER SEPERATOR
Factors affecting separation of oil
 Size of oil globules.
 Oil density.
 High temperature.
 External vibration( excessive pitching and rolling)
 Turbulence.
 Dirty filtering medium.
 Dirty sensor of oil content monitor.
 OIL DISCHARGE MONITORING &
CONTROL SYSTEM
 This equipment will measure the following
 Oil content of the effluent
 The discharge rate of the pump over a wide range of time
 Speed of the ship
A computer is needed to transfer input to output i.e. total quantity of oil and instantaneous rate of
discharge, liters per nautical mile. Output must be recorded and the time of discharge must be
identified.
 OIL DISCHARGE MONITORING &
CONTROL SYSTEM
 Components
 An oil content meter that is able to analyze the relative content of oil in the water
stream

 A flow meter that is able to measure the flow rate of oily water through discharge
pipe.

 A computing unit that is able to calculate the oil discharge rate in liter/nautical mile
and total quantity together with date & time identification.

 an overboard valve control system that is able to stop the discharge automatically
when permissible limits has been reached.
ODMCS Discharge Requirement
outside Special areas
ODMCS Discharge Requirement inside
Special areas
OIL RECORD BOOK PART II