TENSES

BY: EFFRINA YURICKI

 TENSES
Based on time:
Present
Past
Future
Past Future

Based on characteristic:
Simple
Continuous
Perfect
Perfect Continuous
 Present Tense
1. Simple Present Tense
S + V1 + s/es
- He speaks English
Nominal Sentence:
S + to be + adj/adv/n/pronoun
- I am a teacher
- I am sick
- She is here
- The book is yours
• Showing habitual action
- She usually gets up at 4 o’clock every day.
• Showing general truth
- The sun rises in the east
• Showing request or order
- Get out of the room.
• Showing prohibition or warning
- Don’t do it!

Time signal : every day, every week, twice a

week, usually, seldom, always, often
2. Present Continuous
S + is/am/are + Ving
Nominal Sentence:
Form of nominal present continuous is the
same with form of nominal simple present.
Ex: Cindy is sick today.
Ex:
They are wearing a coat
I am teaching English at present
The population of the world is rising very fast

Time signal: now, at present, right now, nowadays

3. Present Perfect Tense
S + have/has + V3
Nominal Sentence:
S + have/has + been + adj/adv/noun/pronoun
- She has been sick for four days.

- I have just taken a bath so I feel fresh now.

- I have never been in Jogja before.
- He has stiil not arrived.

Time signal: already, has just, not...yet, for, since

4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense
S + have/has + been + Ving
Nominal Sentence:
Form of nominal present perfect continuous is the
same with form of nominal present perfect tense.

- They have been playing soccer for an hour.

- She has written a letter for an hour. (there is a result)
- She has been writing a letter for an hour. (continue)

Time signal : for ... until now

since ... until now
 Past Tense
1. Simple Past Tense
S + V2
Nominal Sentence:
S + was/were + adj/n/pro/adv
- She was sick yesterday.

- She bought a new car last week.

- Anton went to Jakarta last month.
- I usually analyzed the scientific books last year.
Time signal : yesterday, last month, this morning,
two days ago, ...
2. Past Continuous Tense
S + was/were + Ving
Nominal Sentence:
Form of nominal past continuous is the
same with form of nominal past tense.

- He was listtening to the radio when I came.

- I was studying English when she was watching
television last night.
3. Past Perfect Tense
S + had + V3
Nominal Sentence:
S + had + been + adj/adv/n/pro
- I had been here for three hours.
- She had been sick for two months.

- When I reached the station, the train had left.

- I went to holiday after I had taken the exam.

Time signals : after, until, before, when, as soon as, ...

4. Past Perfect Continuous Tense
S + had + been + Ving
Nominal Sentence:
Form of nominal past perfect continuous tense is
the same with form of nominal past perfect tense.

- He had been smooking for 10 years when finally gave it

up.
- Sherly came here when I had been playing soccer since 6
o’clock.
- Toni visited me when I had been sleeping for an hour.
Time signal : for ... when
while ... for
 FUTURE TENSE
1. Simple Future Tense
S + will/shall + V1
Nominal Sentence:
S + will/shall + be + adj/adv/n/pro
- I will be here tomorrow
- he will be a teacher
• Show happening that will be done
- I shall visit you tomorrow.
• Show “conditional sentence”
- If I have much time, I will accompany her.
• Show respectfull request
- will you close the door, please!

Time signal : tomorrow, next, soon, later,

tonight, if
2. Future Continuous Tense
S + will/shall + be + Ving
Nominal Sentence:
Form of nominal future continuous tense is
the same with form of nominal future tense.

- I will be going at 3 o’clock tomorrow morning

- She will be playing baseball next Sunday.
- My family will be watching television when you
drop in on my house.
- We will be pecking fruits when she comes
tomorrow.
Time signal : at 8 o’clock tonight
all day tomorrow
3. Future Perfect Tense
S + will/shall + have + V3
Nominal sentene:
S + will/shall + have + been + adj/adv/n/pro
- She will have been sick
- He will have been at library
- She will have been a doctor
• I will have written this novel by the end of this
year
• By the end of this mont, he will have finished
this paper.

Time signal : in two years time

by this time next year
by the end of ...
4. Future Pefect Continuous Tense
S + will/shall + have + been + Ving
Nominal Sentence
Form of nominal Future Perfect continuous tense is
the same with form of nominal Future Perfect tense.

- I shall have been working in this company for 3

months by the end of this year.
- She will have been studying in this university for four
years by the end of this year.

Time signal : by the end of ...

for .. By ...