LESSON 11:

FAMILY STRUCTURE AND LEGACIES

CONTENT STANDARD

 In this lesson, the students will demonstrate an

understanding of the impact of one’s family on
his/her personal development during middle
and late adolescence.
PERFORMANCE STANDARD

 The students will be able to identify the firm

and gentle sides of family care that affect a
person’s development during middle and late
adolescence.
FAMILY STRUCTURE

 Nuclear Families
 - The nuclear families implies the sharing of two
generations of family members under the same
roof. Family contacts among kin (E.g. brothers,
sisters, cousin and so forth) are usually weaker
and less frequent than with the members of
extended families.
FAMILY STRUCTURE

 Extended Families
 It generally consists of three or more
generations living in the same household (or
very close proximity). The usual name for this
type of family is a “vertically extended group”
because the ‘extensions’ to the basic family
group are inter-generalizational
EXTENDED FAMILIES

 Another form of extended family structure is

that of the “horizontally extended family”. This
involves relations such as aunts, uncles,
cousins and so forth under the same roof.
KIND OF SUPPORT TO THE REMAINING
MEMBERS OF THE FAMILY
In Agricultural societies, where people are
dependent upon working the land for their
existence, a large group of people can work
together to do such things as care for the sick,
do domestic labor, work and so forth.
KIND OF SUPPORT TO THE REMAINING
MEMBERS OF THE FAMILY
 In Industrial societies, (especially where no
support for the family is provided by the state),
the extended family provides a form of mutual
aid especially in times of family crisis.
SINGLE PARENT FAMILIES

 This family structure involves a single person

plus dependent children. Although it is more
likely to involve a female parent, a significant
proportion of such families involves a male
parent. This type of family is sometimes
referred-to as a “Broken Nuclear Family”,
insofar as it often – but not always – arises out
of the break-up of a nuclear family.
FOUR MAIN FACTOR

 Increase in the number of people divorcing

 The removal of most social stigma formerly
involved in pregnancy outside marriage
 The death of a marriage partner

 The decision to not get married but yet to play

the role of parents through adoptions
PARENTING STYLE

 How parents reared their children to enhance

their social and moral development are
important aspects of one’s personal
development. Children are regarded as a gift to
the family. The birth of a child signals a sense
of responsibility for the new mother and father.
Along with these responsibilities are the child-
rearing practices that the parent must observe
in order to raise a holistic child.
RECONSTITUTED FAMILIES (STEP FAMILIES)

 This form of family unit is one of the

consequences of high rate of divorce and
remarriage (or cohabitation). Stepmothers and
stepfathers head the family. This type of family
is nuclear and involves parents, children of
either spouse from a first marriage and
(possibly) children from their present marriage.
PARENTING STYLE

 A parenting style is a psychological theory

which represents the standard strategies that
parents use in their child rearing.
PARENTING STYLE
 One of the best known theories of parenting style was
developed by Diana Baumrind. She first proposed that
parents fall into one of the three categories which
include:
 Authoritarian- telling their children exactly what to do
 Indulgent- allowing their children to do whatever they
want
 Authoritative- providing rules and guidance without
being overbearing
 Negligent- disregarding the children, and focusing on
another interest
FOUR PARENTING STYLES

 1. Authoritarian Parenting also called

totalitarian parenting or strict parenting.
 In this style of parenting, children are expected
to follow the strict rules established by the
parents. Failure to follow such rules usually
results to a punishment.
AUTHORITARIAN PARENTS

 Authoritarian parents fail to explain the

reasoning behind these rules, when the child
starts asking “why” question, the parents would
normally say “Because I said so”. Parents
under this style have high demand and high
expectations but fail to be responsive to their
children.
AUTHORITATIVE PARENTING
2. Authoritative Parenting also called
propagative parenting, assertive democratic or
balanced parenting
The parent is demanding but responsive. Like
authoritarian parents, those with an
authoritative parenting style establish rules and
guidelines that their children are expected to
follow. However, this parenting style is much
more democratic.
AUTHORITATIVE PARENTING

Authoritative are responsive to their children

and willing to listen and questions. When
children fail to meet the expectations, these
parents are more nurturing and forgiving.
Oftentimes, physical punishment is not an
option for them in instilling discipline to their
children.
AUTHORITATIVE PARENTING
Baumrind suggests that these parents “monitor
and impart clear standards for their children’s
conduct. Parents are assertive but not
intrusive, they are not pushy and restrictive and
they respect the child’s privacy.
Their disciplinary method are supportive, rather
than punitive. They want their children to be
assertive, as well as socially responsible, and
self-regulated as well as cooperative.
AUTHORITATIVE PARENTING
 The approach is very child-centered because the
goal of the parents is to raise a mature child.
Authoritative parents can understand their
children’s feelings and teach them how to regulate
them. They often help them to find appropriate
outlets to solve problems. Authoritative parenting
encourages children to be independent but still
places limits and control on their ac6tions.
Extensive verbal give and take is allowed, and
parents are warm and nurturing toward the child.
“WHAT ARE THE EFFECTS OF THIS PARENTING
STYLE TO CHILDREN THEN”?
 This style allows children to develop autonomy
(Independence), since children are allowed to do
whatever they want with appropriate guidance
from the parents. Children are mature,
independent, and behave according to their age.
As a result, children have higher self-esteem and
independence because of democratic give-take
nature of authoritative parenting style. In fact, this
is the most recommended style of parenting by
child-rearing experts
INDULGENT PARENTING

 Permissive also called indulgent parenting, or

free anger parenting or lenient parenting.
The parent is responsive but not demanding.
Permissive parents, sometimes referred to as
indulgent parents, have very few demands of
their children. These parents rarely discipline
their children because they have relatively low
expectations of maturity and self-control.
INDULGENT PARENTING

 According to Baumrind, permissive parents are

more responsive than they are demanding.
They are non-traditional and lenient, do not
require mature behavior, allow considerable
self-regulations, and avoid confrontation.
Permissive parents are generally nurturing,
accepting and communicative with their
children. This style is characterized as giving
few behavioral expectations for the child.
INDULGENT PARENTING

 “Indulgent Parenting” is a style of parenting in

which parents are very involved with their
children but place few demands or controls on
them. Indulgent parents do not require children
to regulate themselves or behave appropriately.
EFFECTS OF THIS STYLE
 This may result in creating spoiled brats or “spoiled sweet” children
depending on the behavior of the children. From a recent study the
teens of so-called indulgent parents are found to be heavy-drinkers
(because their parents allow them) without any control. Children of
permissive parents may tend to be more impulsive and as
adolescents, may engage more in misconduct, and in drug use.
Children never learn to control their own behavior and always expect
to get their way. But in a much better case, they are emotionally
secure, independent and are willing to learn and accept defeat. They
mature quickly and are able to live life without the help of someone
else. In terms of child-to-parent effects, the children may be very
unfocused and unmanageable, which discourage the parents to try
harder in instilling discipline to their child.
NEGLECTFUL PARENTING
 Uninvolved Parenting also called Neglectful
parenting, detached, dismissive or hands-off
The parent is neither demanding nor responsive.
This style is characterized by few demands, low
responsibilities and little communication. With
these parents fulfill the child’s basic needs,
they are generally detached from their child’s
life. In extreme cases, these parents may even
reject or neglect the needs of their children.
NEGLECTFUL PARENTING
 The parents are low in warmth and control, are
generally not involve In their child’s life, they
are disengage, undemanding, low in
responsiveness, and do not set limits.
Neglectful parenting can also mean dismissing
the children’s emotions and opinions. Parents
are emotionally unsupportive of their children,
but will still provide their basic needs such as;
food, housing, and toiletries or money for the
food.
EFFECTS OF THIS STYLE
 Many children of this parenting style attempt to provide
for themselves or halt depending in the parent to get a
feeling of being independent and mature beyond the
years. Patents, and thus their children, often display
contradictory behavior. Children become emotionally
withdrawn from social situations. This disturbed
attachment also impacts relationships later on in life. In
adolescence they may show patterns of truancy and
delinquency, since the parents are observed to not care
about their children. As a result, the child keeps on
doing bad things, they rebel, slow away or engage in
teen pregnancy or in drug use to get the attention they
badly need.
IMPACT OF PARENTING STYLES
 Authoritarian parenting styles generally lead to children who
are obedient and proficient, but they rank lower in
happiness, social competence and self-esteem.
 Authoritative parenting styles tends to result in children who
are happy, capable and successful.
 Permissive parenting often results in children who rank low
in happiness and self-regulation. These children are more
likely to experience problems with authority and tend to
perform poorly in school.
 Uninvolved parenting styles rank lowest across all life
domains. These children tend to lack self-control, have low
self-esteem and are less competent than their peers.
POTENTIAL CAUSES OF THESE DIFFERENCES

 Culture
 Personality

 Family size

 Parental background

 Socioeconomic status

 Educational level

 Religion