MACHINING

REMOVAL PROCESS
Castañeda,Chaves,Flores,Garcia
MACHINING
Machining is the process of
removing unwanted material
from a workpiece in the
form of chips. If the
workpiece is metal, the
process is often called metal
cutting or metal removal.
FUNDAMENTALS
 The machine tool selected to perform the process.
 The cutting tool selected (geometry and material).
 The properties and parameters of the workpiece.
 The cutting parameters selected (speed, feed, depth of
cut).
 The workpiece holding devices or fixtures or jigs
Material removal processes
 Mechanical  Abrasive machining
 Single-point  Grinding
cutting  Honing
 Turning  Lapping
 Planing and  Ultrasonic
shaping machining
 Multi-point cutting  Abrasive jet
 Milling machining
 Drilling
 Broaching
 Sawing
 Chemical
 Chemical machining
 Electrochemical machining
(ECM)
 Thermal
 Torch cutting
 Electrical discharge
machining (EDM)
 High energy beam
Parts of Engine Lathe
BASIC MACHINING
PROCESSES
Turning
A single point cutting tool
removes material from a
rotating workpiece to
generate a cylindrical
shape
•Performed on a machine
tool called a lathe
•Variations of turning that
are performed on a lathe:
 Facing
 Contour turning
 Chamfering
 Cutof
 Threading
Threading

Pointed form tool is fed

linearly across surface
of
rotating workpart
parallel to axis of
rotation at a largefeed
rate, thus creating
threads
BORING
•Diference between boring and turning:Boring
is performed on the inside diameter of
anexisting holeTurning is performed on the
outside diameter of
an existing cylinder.

•In efect, boring is an internal turning

operation•Boring machinesHorizontal or
vertical - refers to the orientation of the axis of
rotation of machine spindle
 ORTHOGONAL MACHINING (TWO
FORCES)
The tool geometry is simplified from the three-dimensional
(oblique) geometry, to a two-force geometry.

1. Orthogonal plate machining (OPT), or machining a plate in a

milling machine—
low-speed cutting.
2. Orthogonal tube turning (OTT), or end-cutting a tube wall in a
turning setup—
medium-speed ranges.
3. Orthogonal disk machining (ODM), or end-cutting a plate with tool
feeding in a
facing direction—high-speed cutting
Multi-point cutting

End milling Face milling

Drilling Counterboring
Tapping Reaming
Abrasive Machining
▫ using a tool formed of tiny abrasive
particles to remove material from a
workpiece. Abrasive machining is
considered a mechanical process like
milling or turning because each particle
cuts into the workpiece removing a small
chip of material. While typically used to
improve the surface finish of a part,
abrasive machining can still be used to
shape a workpiece and form features.
GRINDING PROCESS
Electrochemical machining (ECM)
THERMAL CUTTING
TORCH CUTTING
 RAPID
PROTOTYPING
Rapid Prototyping
▫ Is an additive processes, building the
shape progressively through the
accumulation of thin layers.

▫ Is the group of technologies available

to designers to create three-
dimensional scale model of their
designs.
 Technology:
▫ 3D Printing / Additive Manufacturing
Systems
▫ CNC (Computer Numerical Control)
Machines
▫ Injection Molding Systems