Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
1. Industrial companies
2. Banks Non-banking financial companies (NBFCs)
3. Infrastructure entities
4. Microfinance institutions
5. Insurance companies
6. Mutual funds
7. State governments
8. Urban local bodies
ORIGIN
• Concept originated in USA – 1860
• Henry Vannum Poor started publishing financial
statistics of railroad companies
• 1909 Moody’s Investors Agencies started rating railroad
with more thrust
• System of ratings got institutionalised following great
depression
• 1933 US controller of currency enacted a rule that banks
could purchase securities rated onlyBBB/Baa or above
ORIGIN -CONTD
1. long-term scale
2. short-term scale
3. fixed deposit scale
Symbol Description (with regard to the likelihood of
(Rating meeting the debt obligations on time)
category).