INTRODUCTION TO

COMPUTERS
 A process that involves transformation of
data into information
a. Data receiving
b. Data transforming
c. Data processing
d. Data transmitting
 Numbered rods which can be used to
perform multiplication of any number by
a number 2-9
a. Napier’s bones
b. Pascaline
c. Oughtred’s Slide rule
d. Leibniz’s calculator
 Manual Mechanical
Abacus Oughtred’s Slide Rule
- Counting device - William Oughtred
- Frame mounted with
rods along which
beads or balls are
moved
 Manual Mechanical
Pascaline Leibniz’s Calculator
- Blaise Pascal - Baron Gottfried
Wilhelm Von Leibniz
- A toothed counting
wheel limited to - Same as pascaline but
addition and can perform
multiplication,
subtraction division, and square
root
 Manual Mechanical
Analytical Engine
- Charles Babbage
 A fully automatic machine that could
complete long computations without human
intervention and was used in Harvard in 1944.
a. Jacquard’s Loom
b. Hollerith’s punched card machine
c. EDVAC
d. Mark 1
 Electromechanical

Mark 1
- Howard Aiken
- Automatic Sequence
Controlled Calculator
- Could perform 4 basic
arithmetic operations
 Electromechanical
Punch Card Machine Jacquard’s Loom
- Herman Hollerith - Joseph Marie Jacquard
- Used punch cards read - Used punched cards to
electronically to keep create patterns on
and transfer data fabric woven on a
loom
 Electronic Device

ENIAC EDVAC
- Presper Eckert & John - John Von Neumann
Mauchy - Electronic Discrete
- Electronic Numerical Variable Automatic
Integrator And Computer
Calculator
GENERATIONS OF
COMPUTERS
First Generation: VACUUM TUBES
•Relied on machine language
•Enormous and would take up a lot of room
•Input: punched cards and paper tape
•Output: printouts
•Memory: magnetic drums
•Generated a lot of heat
Second Generation: TRANSISTORS
• Moved to symbolic language
• Memory: magnetic core technology
• Computers were developed for the atomic
energy industry
Third Generation: INTEGRATED CIRCUITS
• Transistors were placed on silicon chips
called semiconductors
• Equipped with keyboards and monitors and
interfaced with an OS
•Computers became accessible to a mass
audience
Fourth Generation: MICROPROCESSORS
• Thousands of integrated circuits are built
into a single silicon chip
• IBM and Apple
• Eventually led to the development of the
internet
Fifth Generation: ARTIFICIAL
INTELLIGENCE
• still in development
CLASSIFICATIONS
 The approach this type of computer uses is
the same as the PC. It can store the same
amount of data and has a memory of the
same size.
a. Minicomputer
b. Laptop
c. Mainframe
d. supercomputer
Supercomputers

•Governments
•Hollywood films
•Product designing
Mainframes

• big hospitals
• Air line reservations companies
• $$$$
Minicomputer

• colleges
• business people
Personal computer

• home users
• PCs
• most popular computer
Laptop/ notebook

•Easy to carry around

•Students, business people
THE COMPUTER
SYSTEM
Input devices used to specify a position in
space
a. Keyboard
b. Pointing devices
c. Imaging input device
d. Audio input device
Output devices that used to be called cathode
ray tubes because of their picture tube
a. Printers
b. Speakers
c. Monitor
d. displays
 It is the central electronic chip that
determines the processing power of the
computer.
a. Motherboard
b. Memory
c. Central Processing Unit
d. The Control Unit
Types of Software
• System Software – helps run the computer hardware and system
• Programming Software – for writing computer programs
• Application Software – for accomplishing one or more specific tasks
 Software is distributed free on a trial basis
with the understanding that the user may
need or want to pay for it later.
a. Public domain software
b. Shareware
c. Freeware
d. Commercial Software
COMPUTER SECURITY
RISK
Any action that could cause lost of information,
software, data, or cause damage to a hardware
CYBERCRIME
Illegal acts based on the internet
 Someone who intentionally accesses a
computer/ computer network for evil reasons.
a. Hacker
b. Cyberterrorist
c. Cracker
d. Cyberextortionist
INTELLECTUAL
PROPERTY
Creations of the mind
• Industrial Property
• Copyright