CULTURAL, SOCIAL,

POLITICAL CHANGE AND

RESPONSES TO CHANGE
CARL JUSTIN BAILON
CIDNY CALIMAG
KATE CASTILLO
CHANGE
• Change is generally pervasive and takes place in culture,
society, and politics.
• Changes in culture bring change in society and human
beings; likewise, changes in society and human beings bring
change in culture and politics (Panopio: 263)
• These changes are even overlapping and interdependent
in contemporary times due to factors affecting social
mobility,such as migration, urbanization, transnationalism,
and globalization.
SOCIAL
• The word social comes from the Latin socius meaning
"friend.“
• of or pertaining to society; relating to men living in society,
or to the public as an aggregate body; as, social interest or
concerns; social pleasure; social benefits; social happiness;
social duties
SOCIAL CHANGE
• This refers to the variations or modifications in the patterns of social
organization, of sub – groups within a society, or of the entire society
itself.
• This may be manifested in the rise or fall of groups, community or
institutional structures and functions or changes in the statuses and
roles of members in the family, work setting, church, government,
school, and other sub – systems of the social organization. (Panopio :
364).
CAUSES OF SOCIAL CHANGE
A. INVENTION
often defined as a new combination of a new use of existing
knowledge. It produces mechanical objects, ideas, and social
patterns that reshape society to varying degrees.
1. Material Inventions
bow and arrow, mobile phone, airplane
1. Social Inventions
alphabet, texting, jejemon
B. DISCOVERY
takes place when people reorganized existing elements of the
world they had not noticed before or learned to see in a new way.
Oftentimes, a discovery contributes to the emergence of a new
paradigm or perspective, and even reshapes and reinvents
worldviews. It is also an addition to the store of verified knowledge.
It provides something new to the culture because it becomes an
integral part of culture only after a discovery happens or takes
place.
C. DIFFUSION
refers to the spread of culture traits from one group to another. It
creates changes as cultural elements spread from one socity to
another through trade, migration, and mass communication.
Culture spreads through the processes of:
a. Enculturation – takes place when one culture spreads to another
though learning (education).
b. Socialization – refers to learning through exposure and experience to
culture, which ultimately imbibes the latter to the system of values,
beliefs and practices of an individual or groups.
c. Association – establishing a connection with the culture thereby
bridging areas of convergence and cultural symbiosis.
d. Integration – the total assimilation of culture as manifested by change
of worldviews, attitudes, behavior, and perspectives of looking things.
POLITICS/POLITICAL
 relating to the government or the public affairs of a
country.
 the activities, actions, and policies that are used to gain
and hold power in a government or to influence a
government. 2 : a person's opinions about the management
of government.
POLITICAL CHANGE
Includes all categories of change in the direction of open,
participatory, and accountable politics. It is the change
that occurs in the realm of civil and political societies and in
the structure of relations among civil society, political
society, and the state.
Youth awareness and active participation during elections.
CULTURE
 the customary beliefs, social forms, and material traits of a
racial, religious, or social group
 the characteristic features of everyday existence (such as
diversions or a way of life) shared by people in a place or
time
 the set of shared attitudes, values, goals, and practices that
characterizes an institution or organization
 the integrated pattern of human knowledge, belief, and
behavior that depends upon the capacity for learning and
transmitting knowledge to succeeding generations
CULTURAL CHANGE
• Refers to all alterations affecting new traits or trait complexes and changes in
a culture’s content and structural.
• As the hipster example illustrates, culture is always evolving. Moreover, new
things are added to material culture every day, and they affect nonmaterial
culture as well. Cultures change when something new (say, railroads or
smartphones) opens up new ways of living and when new ideas enter a
culture (say, as a result of travel or globalization).
• Cultural change can occur from within through new philosophical ideas or
technological advancement. People may rebel against government
decisions and declare their independence. Someone might discover that
washing your hands can help prevent illness better than performing a
religious ritual. Someone else might invent a faster way to harvest crops. All
of these things change a culture in some way.
CAUSES OF CULTURAL CHANGE
A. PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT
 earthquakes, repeated flooding, severe droughts, and other
interruptions in the physical environment drastically alter people’s
lifestyles. People who are displaces by disasters ay have a different
way of coping with their environment such as new dietary
preferences or consumption (from lowland to upland or vice versa)
as determined by available food supply in their new
neighborhood. Significantly, frequent exposure to natural
calamities made people develop a sense of resiliency, new
perspectives, and coping mechanisms in confronting the changes
caused by nature.
B. POPULATION
 brought about by migration and transnational origins – whether
due to dislocation, deterritorialization or urban explosion – as well as
an increase or decline in population also perpetuate change.

C. WAR AND CONQUEST

 change also occur as a result of war or constant fighting for
territorial sovereignty and even recognition of ones’s potical
determination or identity. Wars significantly reduce population size,
provide conditions for war industry (weapon production) to flourish,
and enable the victors to lord over conquered territories and have the
subjugated ones under its control.
D. RANDOM EVENTS
 random events of acts of man can also lead to change. The oil price
hike in the world market, for example, creates a domino effect in public
services ot only in the transport sector but even in the prices of basic
commodities and rates of public utilities such as electricity and water. The
consumer response to random events needs to be monitored because it
also serves as a potent barometer of social order. For example, disgruntled
citizens usually march on streets as a form of protest.
E. TECHNOLOGY
 the impact of science and technology on social institutions like
family, school, church, and state is a major impetus for change. For
example, the inventions of social networking sites like facebook wherein
public information can now spread fact like wildfire, contributing to rapid
diffusion of knowledge and ideas to all corners of the globe; thus providing
mass awareness with just a single facility. Thi technology has radically
transformed worldwide interaction as the remote Filipino barangay is now
hooked on what Marchall McLuhan referred to as the “global village”.
 DIFFERENT RESPONSES TO CHANGE
A. PANIC
 The most common reaction to change is panic because you don’t know
what the new phase is going to bring. Employees tend to panic because
they become insecure about their job, fear the new regime and speculate
about the treatment meted out to them in the new phase.
B. CONFUSION
 Confusion is another very common reaction. People are confused whether
the change is for good or bad or whether they should remain and accept
the new regime. Usually, the confusion subsides as the transition phase
begins to pass.
C. JOY
 People who are unhappy with the existing work culture or those who
understand the positive aspects that the new regime is going to bring
react joyfully to change. They are excited and handle change positively.
These employees play a major role in ensuring that the transition phase is
easy for the business.

D. DENIAL
 Some people who are set in their ways and do not like to alter their routine
live in denial of the changing surroundings. With this kind of attitude
towards change, these people do no good to themselves or to
others. Training in change management helps them break out of their shell
and embrace change.
E. REFUSING TO CHANGE
 Denial of change is bad, but refusal to change is dangerous. A lot of
people refuse to change when they are faced with a transitional phase.
Handling these employees is slightly tough because they tend to be
stubborn.

F. HELPLESSNESS
 There are people who feel totally helpless when they face change. They
experience a mix of emotions. They feel panic, fear, insecurity and other
negative feelings. A bit of coaxing and assurance helps these people feel
empowered and face change positively.
TAPOSSS!!!!!!!!