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Principles OF Design

Principles OF Design

A basic idea or rule that explains or controls how something happens or


works.

In Design they are used for:

•To integrate function


•To create visual interest
BALANCE

RYTHYM

PROPORTION

EMPHASIS

UNITY
BALANCE

RYTHYM

PROPORTION

EMPHASIS

UNITY
Balance is a sense of visual (equilibrium & stability) achieved in the
composition using design elements. Arranging elements so that no one
part of a work overpowers, or seems heavier than any other part.

There are two types of balance:


• Symmetrical
• Asymmetrical
Symmetrical balance Occurs when one half of a work mirrors or closely
resembles the other half

3
2
Asymmetrical balance is that where the
two sides are not identical, they differ from one
another. However, the elements are arranged
so that there is a sense of balance.

1
1

2 3
Radial balance occurs when one half of a work mirrors or closely resembles
the other half

1 2
1 2
BALANCE

RYTHYM

PROPORTION

EMPHASIS

UNITY
Rythm: A visual tempo or beat. Repetition of elements of design to
produce the look and feel of movement or visual vibration. It is often achieved
through the careful placement of repeated elements which invite the viewer's eye
to move in a desired way.

Repetition Gradation Radiation Opposition Transitio


n
Repetition: Rhythm created by duplicating design elements
1
3

2
Gradation: Rhythm created by a gradual change

1 2
1 2
Radiation: Rhythm created by identical objects coming from a central axis

2 3
1

Opposition: Rhythm created by lines and


surfaces at right angles and contrasting colors

2
Transition: Rhythm created by design elements
to ensure eye movement for spatial transitions
and level change.

2 3
Repetition Gradation Radiation Opposition Transitio
n
BALANCE

RYTHYM

PROPORTION

EMPHASIS

UNITY
Proportion is expressed through relative size of one part to another or
whole
1

2 3
BALANCE

RYTHYM

PROPORTION

EMPHASIS

UNITY
Emphasis creates a focal point in a design composition; it is how we bring
attention to what is important in it.
EMPHASIS
BALANCE

RYTHYM

PROPORTION

EMPHASIS

UNITY
Unity is the relationship among the elements that helps them function
together. It pulls the pieces of a visual image together. Harmony can be
achieved through repetition and rhythm.
Unity: All parts work together to be seen as a whole. We tend to group
similar elements.

1 Grouping similar elements


create harmony in design

2 Use of vertical direction, the shapes


appear to be more unified.
1 2

3
1 2

3
Assignment: Study the following artist style of work from the lens of
Elements and Principles of Design:

M.C. Esher
Anish Kapoor

Use A3 sheet size for the assignment. Each artist on each sheet
Assignment: Create 6 curvy compositions on 6 A3 sheets with the help
of three elements of design. Compositions can be made symmetrical and
asymmetrical .

Elements Principles
Line Balance
Shapes Rhythm
Pattern Harmony
Proportion
Emphasis

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