ENERGY

Basic Competency
 Describe the forms of energy and its
transformation, and also its
transformation in daily life
Indicator
After this you are able to
 Show energy forms and their examples
in daily life
 Apply the concept of energy and its
transformations in daily life
 Differentiate between the concept of

kinetic and potential energy

What is energy
 Energy is ability to do work or to make
something move.
Form of energi
 Chemical
 Light
 Kinetic
 Potential
 Heat
 Mechanic
 Sound
 Electricity
ENERGY resource
 Non renewable  Renewable
 Oil (petroleum)  Solar
 Natural gas  Wind
 Coal  Geothermal
 Uranium (nuclear)  Biomass
 Hydro
 Ocean
The form of energy exchange
Energy can be transformed into many
forms, such as :
 Light to heat

 Electric to light

 Electric to heat

 Electric to sound

 Chemical to electric
The form of energy exchange
 Energy can be transformed into many
forms, but the amount of energy is
constant. There is no increasing or
decreasing.
 Only the form of energy has changed,
not its amount.
KINETIC Energy
 Kinetic energy is the energy in the form
of movement, such as:
 The running children
 The rock fall
 The running car
Compare the picture bellow
Compare the picture bellow

m1 m

m2 m

m2 bigger than m1
Variable that have
 Kinetic energy depend on the mass
and velocity of the moving object
 The larger the mass, the larger its kinetic
energy
 The thing move faster, its kinetic energy
become larger
Formula of kinetic energy
 We can write formula kinetic energy

KE = ½ m v 2
 KE = kinetic energy (joule)
 m= mass of moving object (kg)
 V = velocity of moving object (m/s)
Unit of kinetic energy
 Unit of kinetic energy in SI system is:
 Joule
 Kg m2/s2
 N.m
 Watt. Second
 Another unit is:
 Kalori 1 Kalori = 4.2 joule
Example
 A car have mass 950 kg, it move10
m/s. Calculate a mount of kinetic
energy!
 Somebody that have mass 50 kg
running. If he have kinetic energy 2000
joule, count the velocity of
POTENTIAL Energy
 Potential energy is the energy stored
 Its amount depend on
 its the position or condition of the object
 If its position so higher, its potential energy is
greater
 Its mass
 The higher its mass, its potential energy is
greater
Formula of gravitational potential energy

 We can write formula gravitational

potential energy

PE = m g h
 PE = gravitational potential energy (joule)
 m = mass of object (kg)
 h = high (m)
Unit of potential energy
 Unit of potential energy in SI system is:
 Joule
 Kg m2/s2
 N.m
 Watt. Second
 Another unit is:
 Kalori
Example
 What is the potential energy if the rock
that have mass 2 kg stay on the table
that have high 1.5 m.
 The water have potential energy 36,000
joule, stay on the mountain that have
high 500 m, calculate amount of water.
Conservation of Energy
 Look at the picture
Conservation of Energy
 See in the picture
 When its goes down, its potential energy
change to kinetic energy
 At the slowest point, its kinetic energy is
greatest and potential energy is smallest.
 When it goes up, the kinetic energy changes
to potential energy.
 At the highest point, its potential energy is
greatest
Conservation of Energy
 From example:
 The potential energy is changed from
kinetic energy continuously.
 Potential and kinetic energy together in
form mechanical energy.
 It is a sum of potential and kinetic
energy in a system
Conservation of Energy
 Formula of mechanical energy

Em = Ek + Ep
 Em = mechanical energy
 Ep = Potential energy
 Ek = kinetic energy
Conservation of Energy
 Energy can be transformed in one form
to another, but its total energy is
constant. In other word, energy is
conserved.
 That is called the law of energy
conservation
 Em1 = Em2 = Em3= Constant
 Conservation of Energy

Highest point
lowest point
Mechanical energy
Mechanical energy
is in the form of
is in the form of
potential energy
kinetic energy.

ground
Conservation of Energy
Em = Ep

Em = Ep + Ek

Em = + Ek
Conservation of Energy
Em = Ep

Em = Ep + Ek

Em = + Ek
Example
 The maximum speed of a child on a
swing is 4.9 m/s. the child ‘s height
above the ground is 0.7 m at the lowest
point in his motion. How heigh above
the ground is he at his highest point.
Questions
1. Calculate the K.E of
a. 1 kg trolley traveling at 2 m/s
b. 2 g bullet traveling at 400 m/s
2. What is the velocity of an object of mass 1
kg has 200 j of K.E ?
3. A 100 g steel ball falls from a height of 1.8 m
on to a metal plate and rebound to a height
0f 1.25 m. Find
a. the P.E of the ball before the fall
b. its K.E as it hits the plate
Home Work
1. A car of mass 1200 kg is moving a
constants speed of 72 km/h
a. find the speed of car in m/s
b. calculate the kinetic energy of car ?
2. A bullet of mass 40 g leaves a gun with
kinetic energy of 10 kj. Calculate the speed
of bullet ?
3. A parcel of mass 4 kg slides down a smooth
curved ramp. What is the speed of the
parcel when it reaches the bottom?