COAL

TYPES OF COAL
1. ANTHRACITE
2. BITUMINOUS
3. SUBBITUMINOUS
4. LIGNITE
5. PEAT
ANTHRACITE COAL
BITUMINIOUS COAL
SUBBITUMINIOUS COAL
LIGNITE COAL
PEAT COAL
 CONSTITUENTS
•carbon
•hydrogen
•oxygen
•sulfur
•nitrogen
•certain noncombustible mineral
 VARIATIONS

1. As received
2. Air-dried
3. Moisture free
4. Moisture and Ash free
5. Moisture and Mineral free
 COAL ANALYSIS

1. PROXIMATE ANALYSIS - separation of coal into moisture, volatile

material, fixed carbon and ash.

*HARDGROVE GRINDABILITY INDEX - a measure of the difficulty

of pulverizing different kind of coal.

*ASH FUSION TEMPERATURE - a measure of when the ash will

melt and transform from a solid to a liquid state.
CLASSIFICATION OF COAL BY RANK
ANALYSIS OF TYPICAL AMERICAN FUELS
 COAL ANALYSIS

2. ULTIMATE ANALYSIS
- a breakdown of the fuels into its elemental components
throuugh an analysis of the products that remain after the complete
combustion of a small sample.
PROPERTIES OF COAL BASED ON PROXIMATE ANALYSIS
 SOME OF THE FACTORS THAT MUST BE CONSIDERED FOR FIRING
QUALITIES ARE:

1. Sizes and grades for economical and satisfactory performance.

2. Constituents
3. Physical characteristics
4. Storage characteristics
5. Performance characteristics
6. Slagging characteristics
7. Corrosive characteristics
8. Ignition characteristics
 FUEL TESTS
FOR
HEATING VALUE
OXYGEN BOMB CALORIMETER
 PROXIMATE ANALYSIS
- this analysis is made by heating the coal until it decomposes
successively into three of the four complex items of the proximate
analysis.

1. MOISTURE
- two samples are weighed and placed in the shallow crucibles in
a 104.4 °C oven for one hour. then remove the desiccator for cooling
and reweighing.
2. VOLATILE MATTER
- two samples are placed in deep crucibles with lids and
weighed. These are inserted in a 955°C oven for exactly 7 min, then
removed and cooled.

3. ASH
- the remaining two samples are heated in a 760°C oven
for 2 hours, then removed, cooled in a dessicator, and reweighed. The
process should be repeated, as with the moisture samples, until
constant weight is obtained.
 ASH AND REFUSE ANALYSIS
- used to determine the “dry refuse per kg coal burned.”
- no more laboratory equipment is needed than than for the
approximate analysis. Samples of ground refuse are given the same
processing as described heretoforefor moisture and ash in the
proximate analysis coal.