METHODS OF PLANT

PROPAGATION
SEXUALLY AND ASEXUALLY PROPAGATING PLANTS
 PLANT PROPAGATION

Sexual Propagation
◦ starting plants from seeds
Germination rate
◦ % that sprouts 75 of 100 = 75%.
◦ Rates are affected by temperature and moisture
◦ Rates vary depending on plant and quality (viability) of
seed.
SEXUAL PROPAGATION
Seed viability is the seed’s capability of growing
or developing.
Seed viability is affected by temperature and
moisture
 SEXUAL PROPAGATION
Plant seeds based on size of seeds
◦Larger seeds are planted deeper
◦Smaller seeds are planted shallow
◦Water the small seeds by bottom soaking to
prevent burying them.
 Sexual Propagation
Seedlings
◦ small plants
The first sets of leaves are called Cotelydons
 Monocots produce one seed leaf
 Dicots produce two seed leaves
True leaves are the second set of leaves.
Sexual Propagation
Transplanting
Transplant seedlings when the first true leaves appear.
Before planting in the outdoor environment, reduce the
humidity and water of plants and make environment more
like outside to “harden off” plants.
Advantages of Sexual
Reproduction

1. Fast way to get many plants.

2. Easy to do.

3. Economical.
Disadvantages of Sexual
Reproduction
1. Some plants, especially hybrids, do not reproduce true to
parents.

2. Some plants are difficult to propagate from seeds.

 PLANT PROPAGATION

Asexual Reproduction –starting plants by means

other than seed
Methods include:
 Cuttings
 Layering
 Grafting
 Budding
 Tissue culture
 Cuttings
BY ROOTS
In this process, new plants grow out of
the modified roots called tubers.
In which a section of root is buried just
below the soil surface, and produces
new shoots.
CUTTING
BY STEM
Vegetative propagation occurs
through stems when new plants arise
from the nodes. This is where buds are
formed, which grow into new plants.
In which a piece of stem is part
buried in the soil, including at least
one leaf node. The cutting is able to
produce new roots, usually at the
node.
CUTTING
BY LEAF
Leaf cuttings, in which a leaf
is placed on moist soil. These
have to develop both new
stems and new roots..
Layering
Tricking the plant stem into growing roots while still attached to the
parent plant.
Examples
◦ Simple Layering
◦ Air layering
◦ Trench Layering
◦ Mound Layering
 SIMPLE TIP
LAYERING LAYERING
MOUND LAYERING COMPOUND LAYERING
AIR LAYERING

Some plants, like the

spider plant, naturally
layer.
Grafting
Joining separate plant parts together so that they form a union and
grow together to make one plant.
◦ Tools needed are a knife, tape, and wax
◦ Plants must be related to each other and normally in the same genus or
family
Grafting
Scion is the piece of plant at the top of the graft
Rootstock is the piece of the plant at the root or bottom of the graft
Examples of plants that can be grafted:
◦ Maples and fruit trees
◦ Sweetgum (fruitless sweetgum)
◦ Pecan
Budding
A form of grafting when a bud is used.
Types:
◦ T-budding,
◦ Chip budding,
◦ Patch Budding.
Budding
Successful T budding requires:
◦ that the scion (top)material have fully-formed, mature, dormant buds,
◦ that the rootstock be in a condition of active growth such that the
"bark is slipping".
◦ This means that the vascular cambium is actively growing, and the bark can be peeled
easily from the stock piece with little damage.
◦ An example would be a rose
 Budding Technique

Bud is inserted Wound is

Removing the bud
into the wrapped
from the scion
rootstock. for healing
wood.
1.
3.
5.

2. 4.
Tissue Culture (or Micropropagation)

This is the newest form of Asexual propagation

Tissue Culture (Micropropagation)
A sterile environment is necessary for micropropagation
(biotechnology)
It is a good way to get the most plants in a short period of time
It will give you a plant identical to the parent plant (clone)
An example would be impatiens and many flowers and vegetable
plants
Asexual Propagation Terms
1. Corm - Enlarged, bulb-like, fleshy base of a stem.
Usually flattened and round. Ex: gladiolus and crocus

2. Rhizome - a creeping underground stem, usually

horizontal, that produces roots and leaves at the nodes. Ex:
cannas and bearded Iris.
Asexual Propagation Notes:
3. Stolon (or Runner) – a creeping above ground
stem that grows horizontally and produces roots
and shoots at the nodes. Ex: strawberry

4. Tuber – a swollen, modified stem that grows

underground. Ex: potato

5. Sucker - a shoot or stem that originates from the

roots.
Asexual Propagation Methods in
Review

Cuttings
Layering
Grafting
Budding
Tissue culture
Advantages of Asexual
Propagation
Asexual reproduction or propagation-plants
mature in shorter time.
 It allows for rapid populating.
It does not need mates.
 It is friendly to the environment.
It is pretty handy in case of emergency.
Disadvantages of Asexual
Propagation
Some require special equipment and skills, such
as grafting.
It hinders diversity.
It carries problems with population control.