AIMS AND OBJECTIVES

CONTENT

ORGANIZATION

EVALUATION
T
NEED
Y
L Aims Objectives
E
PLAN
R’
S STRATEGIES Tactics

M IMPLEMENTATION

O METHODS Techniques
D
E REVIEW
L EVALUATION CONSOLIDATION
Evaluation Objectives

K-12 CURRICULUM

Methods Strategies
Group Activity:
Step 1: Choose your SUBJECT.
Step 2: Make a Concept Map.
Step 3: Formulate your own Objective,
Strategies, Implementation and Evaluation
in that particular subject.

Present it to the class.

Nicholls and Nicholls (1972):

Four stages involving in curriculum development:

1. The careful examination, drawing on all available sources

of knowledge.

2. The development and trial use in school.

3. The assessment of the extent to which the development

Work has in fact achieved its objectives.

4. The final element is therefore feedback.

 Stages in Decision-making Roles and Products in
Curriculum Development (Johnson 1989)

Developing Decision-making
Stages roles Products
1. Curriculum planning Policy makers Policy document

Need analyst
2. Specification:
Syllabus
Ends means methodologists

Materials writers Teaching materials

3. Program
implementation Teacher-training
Teacher trainers
program

Teacher Teaching acts

4. Classroom
implementation
Learners Learning acts
Stating Curriculum Outcomes

The terms goal and aim are used

interchangeably to refer to a
description of the general
purposes of a curriculum and
objective to refer a more specific
and concrete description of
purposes.
 AIMS
Refers to a statement of a general change that a
Program seeks to bring about in learners.

The purposes of aim statements are:

• To provide a clear definition of the purposes of a program.

• To provide guidelines for a teachers, learners and material writers.
• To help provide a focus for instruction.
• To describe important and realizable
changes in learning.
The following are examples of aim statements from different kinds
Of language program (Renandya and Richards, 2002)

A Business English Course:

• To develop basic communication skills for use in

business contexts.
• To learn how to participate in casual conversation
with other Employees in a workplace.

• To learn how to write effective business letters.

A Course for Hotel Employees

• To develop the communication skills needed

To answer telephone calls in a hotel.

• To deal with guest inquiries and

complains.

• To explain and clarify charges on a guest’s

Bill.
Aim statements are generally derived from information
gathered during a needs analysis.

For Example, the following areas of difficulty were some

Of those identified for non-English background students
studying in the English medium universities:

• Understanding lectures
• Participating in seminars
• Taking notes during lectures
• Reading at adequate speed to be able
to complete reading assignments.
• Presenting ideas and information in an
Organized way in a written assignments.
In developing aim statements, it is important to describe
More than simply the activities that students will take
part in. For example the following are not AIMS.

• Students will learn about business letter writing in

English. …how to write effective business letters for use in
The hotel and tourism industries.

• Students will study listening skills.

Students will learn how to listen effectively in conversation
Interactions and how to develop better listening strategies.

• Students will practice composition skills in English.

Students will learn how to communicate information and
Ideas creatively and effectively through writing.
Refers to a statement of specific changes a program
Seeks to bring about and result from an analysis of
the aim its different components.
• They describe what the aims seek to achieve in terms
of smaller units of learning.
• They provide a basis for the organization of teaching
Activities.
• They describe learning in terms of observable
behavior of performance.
Mercado, Hazel May D.
Bucad, December I.
Bive, Eleazar F.
Elpedes, Ian Kervin P.
Roman, Abbrey Keith