Seminar Presentation On

Pickering Emulsions And

It’s Applications

Prepared By,
Guided By, Krunal H. Parmar
Dr. Bina Sengupta BE-4 Chemical
Roll No : 810

The Maharaja Sayajiro University of Baroda

Faculty of Technology and Engineering
 What is Pickering Emulsion

 Emulsion :- Emulsion stabilized by surfactants

 Pickering Emulsion :- Emulsion stabilized by solid particles

 Irreversible adsorption of solid colloidal particles at the oil-water interface

 More stable against coalescence than conventional emulsions.

 Named after S.U. Pickering, who described the phenomenon in 1907,
the effect was first recognized by Walter Ramsden in 1903.

 Solid particles bind to the surface of the interface and prevent the droplets from
coalescing, making the emulsion more stable.

 Homogenised milk is an example of a Pickering-stabilized emulsion. Casein

(protein) units are adsorbed at the surface of milk fat globules and act as a surfactant.

 Solid particles are 10-fold smaller in size than dispersed droplets of the emulsion.

To Ngai, Stefan A F. Bon. Particle-stabilized Emulsions and Colloids : Formation and Applications. Royal Society of Chemistry, 2015
 Examples of Pickering Particles
 Fumed silica O/W or W/O

 Fe3O4 Nanoparticles O/W

 Titanium Oxide W/O

 Graphene Oxide O/W

 Carbon Black W/O

 Cellulose Nanocrystals O/W

 Starch Nanocrystals O/W

 Methacrylate Nanoparticles O/W

 Alumina W/O

 Fat Crystals W/O

 Factors affecting the Stability of Pickering Emulsion

1. Wettability (Contact angle)

2. Particle size

3. Solid Concentration

4. Interparticulate interaction
 Wettability
 The morphology of pickering emulsion depends on contact angle of particle at
liquid-liquid interface.

 The particle’s contact angle to the surface of the droplet is a characteristic of

the hydrophobicity.

 Contact angle cos θ = σL / F

Where, σ = Surface tension, L = Length of plate, F = Resulting Force

Contact angle is <90O, emulsion is hydrophilic and will be O/W type.

Contact angle is >90O, emulsion is hydrophobic and will be W/O type.

Contact angle is =90O, emulsion is 50% hydrophilic & 50% hydrophobic.

 Particles that are partially hydrophobic (i.e. contact angle = 90°) are
better stabilizers because they are partially wettable by both liquids and
therefore bind better to the surface of the droplets.
 The stabilization energy is given by :

Where,

= Interfacial Tension

= Contact angle

Protection against coalescence is based on the energy to expel the particles

from the interface into the dispersed droplets.

This energy depends on the contact angle, which ideally should be 90 O.

Energy require to desorb particles in pickering emulsion higher than

conventional emulsion by surfactants.

Tang, Juntao; Quinlan, Patrick James; Tam, Kam Chiu. Stimuli-responsive Pickering Emulsions; Recent advances and potential
applications. Soft Matter. 2015; 3512-3529
 Particle Size
Particle size of pickering particles : Between 100 nm to 5 µm
Particle size of surfactants : 0.4-1 mm
Larger the particles, slower the kinetics of adsorption, means larger energy
required to the particle to adsorb at the interface.
Emulsification time is larger compared to surfactant emulsion.

Concentration of Particle

Stability can be increased by increasing particle concentration

 Advantages
 Better stability than conventional emulsion by surfactants.

 Pickering particles can be recovered easily from an emulsion.

 Reduce foaming problems.

 Have lower toxicity, so can be used in food industry.

 Edible

 Degradable

 Biocompatible

 Environmental friendly

 Ease of Synthesis

 Can be easily inverted from W/O to O/W by simply increasing the volume
fraction of water.
 Applications
 Used in Biomedical and health fields where use of surfactant is undesirable.

 Agrochemicals and food manufacturing industries.

 Enhance oil recovery.

 Waste water treatment.

 Used in semipermeable capsules for drug delivery.

 Catalyst recycling

 Cosmetics and personal care products like skin moisturizers, sunscreen lotion,
whitening products, anti-aging products, deodorants and hair care products.

 Pickering emulsion polymerization.

Solid Particle Stabilization of Emulsions- Characterization, Processing Methods and Applications

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Thank You