A presentation on

REAL TIME POWER FACTOR

CORRECTION

Presented by,
NIRMIT JAIN
B.Tech Electrical Final Year
ABOUT THE INTERNSHIP…

 NAME OF COMPANY : TATA MOTORS ,

Pantnagar.

 DURATION : 4 weeks(18/6/19 TO 17/7/19)

 TOPIC : Real time power factor correction

 NAME OF THE GUIDE : Devesh Pant

 Contents…

1. What is Power factor?

2. Causes of low power factor.

3. Disadvantages of low power factor.

4. How can we improve power factor ...

5. Reason why APFC panels are needed ?

6. Applications APFC panel.

 WHAT IS POWER FACTOR ?

 The power factor is the ratio of the real

power that is used to-do work and the
apparent power that is supplied to the
circuit.

 The range of power factor is 0-1.

 When all the power is reactive with no real

power the power factor is zero because
usually load is inductive.

 When all the power is real with no reactive

power the power factor is one because
load is resistive.
HERE IS LIST OF SOME CAUSES OF LOW
POWER FACTOR..

1
• Because of the inductive load.

2
• Increase in demand of reactive power

• Varying load in power system

3

4
• Harmonic currents

5
• Devices that uses lagging current
DISADVANTAGES OF LOW POWER
FACTOR

Large KVA rating and size of electrical equipment .

Greater conductor size and cost

Increase in reactive power resulting in more flow of current in the network

Penalty from electric power supply company.

Low efficiency

Long life of equipment

Large copper losses.

HOW CAN WE IMPROVE
LOW POWER FACTOR?

 The following devices and equipment are used

for Power factor Improvement :

 Static Capacitor

 Synchronous Condenser

 Phase Advancer
 THE STATIC CAPACITORS :

 For Power factor improvement purpose, Static capacitors are connected in

parallel with those devices which work on low power factor.

 These static capacitors provides leading current which neutralize the lagging
inductive component of load current thus power factor of the load circuit is
improved.

 These capacitors are installed in Vicinity of large inductive load e.g. Induction
motors and transformers etc., and improve the load circuit power factor to
improve the system or devices efficiency.
 ADVANTAGES OF STATIC
CAPACITORS:

 Capacitor bank offers several advantages over other methods of

power factor improvement.

 Losses are low in static capacitors

 There is no moving part, therefore need low maintenance

 It can work in normal conditions (i.e. ordinary atmospheric conditions)

 Do not require a foundation for installation

 They are lightweight so it is can be easy to installed

 DISADVANTAGES OF STATIC
CAPACITORS:

 The age of static capacitor bank is less (8 – 10 years)

 With changing load, we have to ON or OFF the capacitor bank,

which causes switching surges on the system

 If the rated voltage increases, then it causes damage it

 Once the capacitors spoiled, then repairing is costly

 REASON FOR APFC PANEL USE

In industry most of the load is inductive in nature which

results in lagging power factor that is why there is loss
and wastage of energy which results in high power bills
and heavy penalties from electricity boards. If the load
is uneven it is very difficult to maintain unity power
factor. To overcome this difficulty APFC panel is used
which maintains unity P.F.
> APFC PANEL
APPLICATION OF APFC PANEL
1. Ability to maintain PF at the required high
Value that is unity
2. it`s avoid the penalties by electrical
supply companies due to low power factor
3. Improve efficiency of the system due to
reduction in loses