Approaches to

Curriculum
Prepared by:
Eunice Beloncio Ramos
 WHAT IS AN APPROACH?
It is a way of dealing with something, a way
of doing or thinking about something.

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WHAT IS A CURRICULUM APPROACH?
It is a way of dealing with a curriculum, a
way of doing, creating, designing, and
thinking about something.

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FOUR
CURRICULUM
APPROACHES

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 Curriculum practitioners and
Four Curriculum Approaches:
implementers may
¤ Behavioral use one or
Approach
more approaches in planning,
¤ Managerial Approach
¤ Systems Approach
implementing and evaluating
¤ Humanistic Approach
the curriculum.

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 Behavioral Approach
Anchored on the behaviorist principle.
Based on a blue print – goals and objectives
are specified, contents and activities are also
arranged to match with the learning
objectives.

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 Behavioral Approach
Learning outcomes are evaluated in terms
of goals and objectives set at the beginning.

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 Behavioral Approach
¤ AIM – to achieve efficiency
¤ PROPONENT – Frederick Taylor
¤ In education, behavioral approach begins
with educational plans that start with the
setting of goals and objectives.

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 Behavioral Approach
CHANGE IN BEHAVIOR INDICATES THE
MEASURE OF THE ACCOMPLISHMENTS

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 Managerial Approach
Became dominant in the 1950’s and 1960’s
Principal – Curriculum Leader, Instructional
Leader, General Manager

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 Managerial Approach
General manager – sets the policies and
priorities, establishes the direction of change
and innovation and planning and organizing
curriculum and instruction.

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 Managerial Approach
School administration – less concerned about
the content than about organization and
implementation; less concerned about
subject matter, methods and materials than
improving the curriculum.

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 Managerial Approach
Curriculum manager – look at the curriculum
changes and innovations as they administer
the resources and restructure the school.

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 Managerial Approach
Roles of the Curriculum supervisors (Ornstein
and Hunkins, 2004 )
1. Help develop the school’s educational
goals.
2. Plan curriculum with students, parents,
teachers and other stakeholders.

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 Managerial Approach
Roles of the Curriculum supervisors (Ornstein
and Hunkins, 2004 )
3. Design programs of study by grade levels.
4. Plan or schedule classes or school calendar.

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 Managerial Approach
Roles of the Curriculum supervisors (Ornstein
and Hunkins, 2004 )
5. Prepare curriculum guides or teacher
guides by grade level or subject area.
6. Help in the evaluation and selection of text
books.

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 Managerial Approach
Roles of the Curriculum supervisors (Ornstein
and Hunkins, 2004 )
7. Observe teachers.
8. Assist teachers in the implementation of
the curriculum.
9. Encourage curriculum innovation and
change.

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 Managerial Approach
Roles of the Curriculum supervisors (Ornstein
and Hunkins, 2004 )
9. Encourage curriculum innovation and
change.
10. Develop standards for curriculum and
instructional evaluation.

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 Systems Approach
Influenced by systems theory.
The parts of the total school district or school
are examined in terms of how they relate to
each other.

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 Systems Approach
Organizational chart – represents a systems
approach, shows the line – staff relationships
of personnel and how decisions are made.

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 Systems Approach
George Beauchamp: the systems theory of
education see the following to be of equal
importance:
¤ Administration
¤ Counselling
¤ Curriculum
¤ Instruction
¤ Evaluation

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 Humanistic Approach
Rooted in the progressive philosophy and
child – centered movement.
Considers the formal or planned curriculum
and the informal or hidden curriculum.

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 Humanistic Approach
Considers the whole child and believes that in
curriculum, the total development of an
individual is the prime consideration.

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 Humanistic Approach
THE LEARNER IS AT THE CENTER OF THE
CURRICULUM

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Thank You!