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METHODS OF HEAT TRANSFER

CONDUCTION

CONVECTION

RADIATION

ptD_transfer.ppt
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Conduction
Works the best in solids as it require particle
vibration for the energy transfer. Rate of heat
transfer depends on area, length, thermal
conductivity and the change in temperature.
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Heat Convection

Convection is heat transfer by mass motion of a fluid such as

air or water when the heated fluid is caused to move away
from the source of heat, carrying energy with it.
RADIATION 4

Energy transferred by electromagnetic waves

All materials radiate thermal energy in

amounts determined by their temperature,
where the energy is carried by photons of
light in the infrared and visible portions of
the electromagnetic spectrum. No need
for a medium.

Thermal radiation wavelength ranges:

IR ~ 100 - 0. 8 m
Visible ~ 0.8 - 0.4 m 800 – 400 nm
UV ~0.4 - 0.1 m
For exam: more detail than in the textbook
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CONVECTION

Warm air rises above the

ground
Forced convection

http://sol.sci.uop.edu/~jfalward/heattransfer/heattransfer.html
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CONVECTION

Why do we get this

pollution haze?

Temperature inversion
prevents air rising and the
dispersing the pollution

http://sol.sci.uop.edu/~jfalward/heattransfer/heattransfer.html
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RADIATION

Why are pipes in solar panels painted black ?

http://sol.sci.uop.edu/~jfalward/heattransfer/heattransfer.html
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RADIATION

Highly reflecting metal foil keeps

inside temperature low.

http://sol.sci.uop.edu/~jfalward/heattransfer/heattransfer.html
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Evacuated
Flat plate tube
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Flat plate collector Evacuated tube collector

 sun heats the absorber plate  No convection or conduction loss
thereby heating water inside only radiation loss in a vacuum

 glass and insulation cover traps  curved surface of the tubes allows
the heat the sun’s rays to strike
 low conduction loss as the warm perpendicular to the water for most
air can' t escape of the day

 heating capabilities vary with the  fins collect more heat energy
availability of sun and the outside
air temperature  effective in all climate
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Problem D.6

Why do droplets of water dance over the very hot pan ?

http://sol.sci.uop.edu/~jfalward/heattransfer/heattransfer.html
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Why do droplets of
water dance over
the very hot pan ?

Water at the bottom of the drops is evaporated and

provides insulation against further evaporation.

http://sol.sci.uop.edu/~jfalward/heattransfer/heattransfer.html