EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE

QUARTER I

LESSON TITLE
JOY A. CANTONES
Calape National High School
Sta.,Calape, Bohol
09771551691
Learning Competency:
• The learners shall:
1. explain how cells carry out functions
required for life (S11/12LT -IIbd-4 )

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 BIOENERGETICS

The study of transformation of energy in living

organisms.
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 SCIENTISTS BEHIND THE
IDEAS
“ALL LIFE FORMS ARE MADE UP OF CELL “

Matthias Jakob Schleiden Theodore Schwann

German Botanist German Physiologist
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• Viewed a thin cutting of cork and discovered
empty spaces contained by walls which he
termed cells.

ROBERT HOOKE
Natural Philosopher and
Scientist
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 TYPES OF CELLS
1.Prokaryotic cells
• Their DNA is found in a region called
the nucleoid rather than a nucleus.
• They also lack most membrane-bound
organelles present in eukaryotes.

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PARTS:
1. Cytoplasm- where organelles are
suspended.
2. Flagella that aids in motility.
3. Cell wall made of peptidogycan
4. Cell membrane that serves as a
selective barrier.
5. Ribosomes that make proteins.

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PROKARYOTIC CELLS

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2.Eukaryotic cells
• Have a nucleus which contains the
genetic material or DNA.
• Have several membrane-bound
organelles such as ribosomes and
mitochondria. They include animal and
plant cells.

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Comparison

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 EUKARYOTIC CELLS
ANIMAL CELL

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 Parts of an Animal Cell

1.Cell membrane
Semi-permeable membrane that encloses the cell . It
is composed of the following molecules:
• Phospholipid- the basic structure that provides a
framework to the cell.
• Cholesterol- a molecule responsible for maintaining
the consistency of the cell membrane.
• Proteins- found in the lipid bilayer of the cell
membrane

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2. Cytoplasm- is a semifluid matrix
where organelles are suspended.

3. Nucleus-the largest organelle that

serves as the control center of the cell. It
contains the hereditary material known as
the DNA

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 NUCLEUS PARTS AND
FUNCTIONS
• 1.NUCLEAR MEMBRANE- double –walled
membrane that regulates the exchange of materials
between the nucleus and the cytoplasm.
• 2.NUCLEOLUS- dark staining body which
disappears when the cell is about to divide.
• 3.NUCLEOPLASM-the liquid matrix that is
enveloped or enclosed by the nuclear envelope.
• 4.CHROMATIN- the long thread-like or granular
structures that are made up of the genetic material
and proteins to form chromosomes.

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4. Ribosomes- consists of the large and
small subunits. Their main role is to
synthesize proteins needed by the cell.

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5. MITOCHONDRIA

The powerhouse of the cell because

this is where most energy is produced.

ATP = Adenosine Triphosphate

= Produced through the process called
cellular respiration

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6. Golgi Apparatus
Sorts and packages proteins and lipids
produced by the smooth and rough
endoplasmic reticulum.

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PARTS:

1.CIS FACE- receives the materials for

processing in transport vesicles.

2.TRANS FACE- is the discharging end

where molecules are released through the
secretory vesicles.

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7. ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
Two types:
• ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM-
is bounded with ribosomes. It is where
most protein synthesis occurs.

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• SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

Has no ribosomes attached. Its function is

mainly for lipid synthesis

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8.LYSOSOMES
• Serve as storage vesicles for hydrolytic
enzymes.
• Also functions as a “digestive system”for
the cell through which food particles
ingested by phagocytosis or pinocytosis
are digested

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9. MICROTUBULES- are components of
the cytoskeleton and important in a number
of cellular processes.

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10. CENTRIOLES
• Structures found outside the nucleus.
• Responsible for the formation of the
spindle fiber in cell division.
• They are self-replicating organelles made
up of nine bundles of microtubules and
found only in animal cells.

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PLANT CELL

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 PARTS OF A PLANT CELL

1. CELL WALL
• Provides support and protection for the
cell.
• Has special openings called
plasmodesmata are used to
communicate and transport materials
between plant cells

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2. CHLOROPLASTS- convert light
energy to sugars through photosynthesis.

6 H2O + 6 CO2  C6H1206 + 6 O2

It has green pigment called chlorophyll.

Orange = carotenoid
Brown = xanthophyll

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3. VACUOLE- is responsible for storing
food, water, and metabolic and toxic
wastes.

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 Comparison between plant and
animal cell
CELL PLANT CELL ANIMAL CELL
STRUCTURE
cell wall Present No cell wall

Plastids Present Plastid is absent

Lysosome Not visible Occurs in cytoplasm

Ribosome Present Present

Mitochondria and Present Present

microtubule

Vacuole Big Small

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References:
• Cruz, J. (2016). Earth and Life Science. M & E
Publishing, Tagbilaran City.
• Quipper School.com
(https://school.quipper.com/en-PH/index.html)

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THANK YOU!