Modal Auxiliary

Presented by
Allysa Fatma Indriani
Claire Indarsy
Faris Satya Darmawan
Mulyadi Rahman
Puspa Utari Ayudia
Shofia Salsabila
 Modal

MEANING auxiliary verbs or often also known as

secondary auxiliary verbs that gives
additional meaning to main verbs in
OF M O D AL A U X I L IAR Y
the sentence.
 The
function is to express willingness or

FUNCTION
ability, necessity(needs), and
possibility. This auxiliary capital is
OF M O D AL A U X I L IAR Y
divided into shall, should, will, would,
can, could, may, might, must, ought
to, need, dare, and used to.
 RULES OF USING
MODAL AUXILIARY
VERBS HOULD NO T BE ADDED TO –S/ E S.
BETWEEN AUXILIARY CAPITAL WORDS WITH VERB
MUST NO T BE C O NNECTED WITH ‘’TO ’’
IF THE AUXILIARY MO DAL PAST FRO M THEN THE
VERBS USED MUST BE THE FIRST FRO M THEVERBS
(INFINITIVE).
THE INTERRO GATIVE SENTENC E IS FO RED BY
PLAC ING AN AUXILIARY CAPITAL IN FRO M O F THE
SENTENC E.
NEGATIVE SENTENC E ARE FO RMED BY ADDING
NO TES AFTER AUXILIARY CAPITAL
CAN/COULD
 Examples
• Ability :
“I can ride a horse”
"Can" • Opportunity :
is one of the most commonly used “We canstay with my brother
modal verbs in English. It can be used when we are in Paris”
to express ability or opportunity, to • Permission :
request or offer permission, and to show “She cannot stay out after 10 PM”
possibility or impossibility. • Request :
“Can you hand me the stapler?”
• Possibility :
“Any child can grow up to be
president”
 Examples
• Possibility :
“Extreme rain could cause the river to
flood the city”
"Could" • Past ability :
is used to express possibility or past “Nancy could ski like a pro by the age
ability as well as to make suggestions of 11”
and requests. "Could" is also commonly • Suggestion :
used in conditional sentences as the “You could see a movie or go out to
conditional form of "can.“ dinner”
• Request :
“Could I use your computer to email
my boss? “
• Conditional :
“We could go on the trip if I didn't
have to work this weekend”
MAY/MAIGHT

"May"
is most commonly used to express
possibility. It can also be used to give or
request permission, although this usage is
becoming less common.
Examples
• Possibility :
“Cheryl may be at home, or perhaps
at work”
• Give permission :
“Johnny, you may leave the table
when you have finished your dinner”
• Request permission :
“May I use your bathroom?”
 Examples
• Possibility :
"Might" “Your purse might be in the living
is most commonly used to express room”
possibility. It is also often used in • Conditional :
conditional sentences. English speakers “If I didn't have to work, I might
can also use "might" to make suggestions go with you”
or requests, although this is less common • Suggestion :
in American English. “You might visit the botanical
gardens during your visit”
• Request :
“Might I borrow your pen? “
SHALL/SHOULD
 "Shall“
is used to indicate future action. It
is most commonly used in sentences Examples
with "I" or "we," and is often found • Suggestion :
in suggestions, such as "Shall we “Shall I help you”
go?" "Shall" is also frequently used • Promise :
in promises or voluntary actions. In “I shall never forget where I
formal English, the use of "shall" to came from”
describe future events often • Predestination :
expresses inevitability or “He shall become our next
predestination. "Shall" is much king”
more commonly heard in British • Inevitability :
English than in American English; “I'm afraid Mr. Smith shall
Americans prefer to use other forms, become our new director”
although they do sometimes use
"shall" in suggestions or formalized
language.
 Examples
• Recommendation :
“When you go to Berlin, you should
"Should" visit the palaces in Potsdam”
is most commonly used to make • Advice :
recommendations or give advice. It can also “You should focus more on your
be used to express obligation as well as family and less on work”
expectation. • Obligation :
“I really should be in the office by
7:00 AM”
• Expectation :
“By now, they should already be in
Dubai”
WILL/WOULD
 "Will" Examples
is used with promises or voluntary actions • Promise :
that take place in the future. "Will" can “I promise that I will write you
also be used to make predictions about the every single day”
future. For more information on using • Voluntary action :
"will" and associated exercises, visit the “ I will make dinner tonight”
Simple Future section of our Verb Tense • Prediction :
Tutorial. “He thinks it will rain
tomorrow”
 "Would" Examples
is most commonly used to create conditional • Conditional :
verb forms. It also serves as the past form of “If he were an actor, he would be
the modal verb "will." Additionally, "would" in adventure movies”
can indicate repetition in the past. For more • Past of "will" :
information on the grammar behind the modal “I knew that she would be very
verb "would," visit the following tutorials: successful in her career”
Conditional Tutorial, Future in the Past, and • Repetition :
Would Always. “When they first met, they would
always have picnics on the beach”
MUST/OUGHT TO
 "Must"
is most commonly used to express
certainty. It can also be used to
express necessity or strong
recommendation, although native
speakers prefer the more flexible
form "have to." "Must not" can be
used to prohibit actions, but this
sounds very severe; speakers
prefer to use softer modal verbs
such as "should not" or "ought not"
to dissuade rather than prohibit.
Examples
• Certainty :
“This must be the right address!”
• Necessity :
“Students must pass an entrance
examination to study at this school”
• Strong recommendation :
“You must take some medicine for
that cough”
• Prohibition :
“Jenny, you must not play in the
street!”
 "Ought to" Examples
is used to advise or make • Recommendation :
recommendations. "Ought to" also “You ought to stop smoking”
expresses assumption or expectation • Probability :
as well as strong probability, often “This stock ought to increase in
with the idea that something is value”
deserved. "Ought not" (without "to") is • advice against something (notice
used to advise against doing there is no "to"):
something, although Americans “Mark ought not drink so much”
prefer the less formal forms "should
not" or "had better not.“
LET’S TRY TO ANSWER
THE QUESTION
 1. Y O U . . . . . . T H RO W LI T T ER
FR O M Y O U R V EH I C LE 4 . Y O U . . . . . PA Y Y O U R C REDI T
BEC A U S E I T C A N PO S E A RI S K BI LL I M M ED IA TELY
T O T H E EN V I RO N M EN T

2 . . . . . . . Y O U PLEA S E C H EC K M Y
5 . S H E. . . . . . . D O M O RE THA N
PA PER FO R G RA M M A R
TW O TA S K S O N E TI M E
ERRO RS ?
Y ES TERDA Y

6 . HA D TH E A PPLI C A N T S ENT
3 . I F I A S K A Q U ES T I O N H I S RES U M E BEFO RE
A BO U T Y O U R PA S T. . . . . . . TH E D EA DLI N E, H E. . . . . W O RK ED
Y O U A N S W ER I T ? H ERE
 7 . V I RA HA S V E RY S M O O TH
10 . EM M A ’ S A M A Z I N G LY
S K I N . S H E. . . . . .A PPLY O LI V E
G O O D A T TH E PIA N O .
O I L TO H ER FA C E BEFO RE
S H E. . . . . . PRA C TI C E A LO T
G O I N G TO BE D

11. TH E C A R I N FRO N T I S
8 ......Y O U
DRI V I N G S O S LO W LY
M I N D C H EC K I N G O U T M Y
THA T I TH I N K TH EY . . . . . . . BE
W EBS I TE ?
LO O K I N G FO R S O M ETH I N G

12. YOU’VE ALREADY EATEN ENOUGH

9 . . . . . . . I RES EN D M Y RES U M E ? FOR THREE PEOPLE! YOU …. STILL BE
HUNGRY
 13 . TH I S BO O K . . . . . . . BELO N G TO
TH E LI BRA RY I T’ S
C ERTA I N LY N O T M I N E

14 . I T O N LY TA K ES TH REE
H O U RS TO FLY FR O M LO N DO N
TO S Y DN EY ? THA T. . . . . . . BE
C O RREC T

15 . TH ERE. . . . . . . BE S O M ETH I N G
W RO N G W I TH TH E
FRI D G E! I T’ S M A K I N G A V ERY
U N U S UA L N O I S E
THANK YOU