Figures of Speech

Term 2
Learning Targets:
 I can identify different examples of
figurative language
 I can explain the figurative language used
Essential Question:
How do we showcase the
beauty of our country through
written communication?
Figures of Speech

What are Figures of Speech?

Figures of Speech:
 A figure of speech is a phrase or word having
different meanings than its literal meanings.

 It conveys meaning by identifying or comparing

one thing to another, which has connotation or
meaning familiar to the audience.

 It is helpful in creating vivid rhetorical effect.

Alliteration
Alliteration
 Alliteration is the figurative term for when a
beginning consonant sound is repeated over
and over in a poem or text.
 Alliteration is often used to provide a certain
rhythmic sound to the poetry. The repetition of a
specific sound can also affect the mood. For
example, a repeated "w" sound often gives a
lulling mood. The repetition of a harder sound-
like "p" or "b"-sets a different mood.
Alliteration
 Poets use alliteration to create “music” in
poetry. How?
 Makes lines more memorable.
 Emphasis
 Creates an appealing sound for readers
From Through the Looking Glass
- Lewis Carroll

“The time has come,” the walrus said,

“The time has come,” the walrus said,
“To talk of many things:
“To talk of many things:
Of shoes–and ships—and sealing-wax—
Of shoes–and ships—and
Of cabbages—and kings.”sealing-wax—
Of cabbages—and kings.”

What are the

repeated sounds?
Alliteration: SOUNDS not letters!

 Karl’s Cool Chameleon!

Alliteration?
 YES!

 Carl’s Cool Cello

Alliteration?
 NO!
from The Giver
Squintingtoward
Squinting towardthe
thesky,
sky,hehehad hadseen
seen
thesleek
the sleekjet,
jet,almost
almostaablur
bluratatits
itshigh
high
speed,go
speed, gopast,
past,and
andaasecond
secondlater laterheard
heard
theblast
the blastofofsound
soundthat
thatfollowed.
followed.

What are the

repeated sounds?
from “The Raven”
by Edgar Allen Poe
Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered weak and
weary,
Over many a quaint and curious volume of forgotten lore.

And the silken sad uncertain rustling of each purple curtain

Thrilled me—filled me with fantastic terrors never felt before;

Deep into the darkness peering, long I stood there

wondering, fearing,
Doubting dreaming dreams no mortal ever dared to dream
before.
Alliteration in real life?
 Newspaper Headlines
 “AtCuba Helm, Castro Brother Stays the Course”
 “Pretentious Prowler Pries Apartment Lock”
 “The Devil Dog Made Me Do It”
 “The Bucket Brigade”
Alliteration in real life?
 Magazine Article Titles
 “Shaquille O’Neal Says Suns Should be Fine”
Alliteration in real life?
 Advertising Slogans
 Allied Irish Bank: “Britain’s Best Business Bank.”
 Doral: “Discover the Doral Difference.”
 Jaguar: “Don’t Dream it. Drive it.”
 Girl Guides: “Dream. Dare. Do.”
 Fila: “Functional…Fashionable…Formidable…”
Alliteration in real life?
 Sports Team Names
 New York Yankees
 Buffalo Bills
 Tennessee Titans
 Utah Utes
 Cleveland Cavaliers
Alliteration in real life?
 Book Titles
 The Slippery Slope
 The Carnivorous Carnival
 Tongue Twisters
Roberta ran rings around the
Roman ruins.

Peter Piper picked a peck of

pickled peppers.
A peck of pickled peppers Peter
Piper picked.
If Peter Piper picked a peck of
pickled peppers,
Where’s the peck of pickled
peppers Peter Piper picked?
Assonance
Assonance
 Meaning
 The repetition of vowel sounds within words,
but not the surrounding consonant sounds
 Example
 How is the brown cow bowing down?
 Early Moon
- Carl Sandburg

“Poetry is old, ancient, goes back far. It is

“The time has come,” the walrus said,
among the oldest of living things. So old it
“Tono
is that talk of many
man knowsthings:
how and why the
Offirst poems came.”
shoes–and ships—and sealing-wax—
Of cabbages—and kings.”

What are the

repeated sounds?
Assonance: SOUNDS not letters!

 “If I bleat when I speak it’s because I just

got . . . flee”
Alliteration?
 YES!

 “If I bleat when I speak it’s because I just

got . . . each”
Alliteration?
 NO!
from Stopping by Woods on a
Snowy Evening
Squinting
“He toward
gives his the sky,
harness bellshe had seen
a shake
theif sleek
To jet,some
there is almost a blur at its high
mistake.
speed,
The onlygoother
past,sound’s the sweep
and a second later heard
theeasy
Of blastwind
of sound that followed.
and downy flake.
The woods are lovely, dar and deep.
But I have promises to keep,
And miles to go before I sleep,
And miles to go before I sleep.”
What are the repeated sounds?
Assonance
 Find the Assonance in this quote from
“The Flea”

“Oh stay, three lives in one flea spare,

Where we almost, nay more than
married are.”
Assonance
 Yay, you found it! …. Hopefully.

“Oh stay, three lives in one flea spare,

Where we almost, nay more than
married are.”
 No matter where the similar sounds are
found, as long as they are a repetition of
the same vowel sound, they count!
Onomatopoeia
What is Onomatopoeia?
 Onomatopoeia is a word or group of words
that imitates sound it is describing.

quack, quack
How do you imitate a sound?
 Some examples of onomatopoeia include:
o Click, buzz, zing, bang, boom
o Can also be animal noises such as moo, oink,
and arf, arf.
o For example, Old McDonald Had a Farm!
When will I be able to use it?
 Onomatopoeia is used more than you may
think.
o An author uses it to describe a sound.
 Comics
 Books
Examples of Onomatopoeia
 The clanging pots & pans woke the baby.

 The wolves howled at the moon.

 The race-car driver revved his engine.

 The bacon sizzled in the pan.

 I love the swish of the basketball net.

IRONY
Irony
 A Surprise!
 It is the difference between what we
expect to happen, and what actually does
happen.
 It is often used to add suspense and
interest.
 It is also used to keep the reader thinking
about the moral of the story.
The Big Picture
Irony

Verbal Situational Dramatic

Irony Irony Irony
3 Types of Irony

 Verbal Irony

 Situational Irony

 Dramatic Irony
Verbal Irony
 The simplest kind of irony.
 You use it everyday when you say one
thing and really mean another.
 It is often similar to a sarcastic response.
 Example:
 When you appear to be sick and someone
asks you if you’re okay. You say “Of course!”
But in the meantime you are vomiting and
fainting.
Situational Irony
 Occurs when a situation turns out to be
the opposite of what you thought it would
be.
 Example:
 The teacher’s daughter is a High School drop
out.
 The mayor’s wife gets caught stealing.
 The chef won’t eat his/her own cooking.
 The barber always needs a hair cut himself.
Dramatic Irony
 Occurs when the audience knows
something that the characters in the story,
on the screen, or on the stage do not
know. It’s like the audience is more aware
of what’s going on than the people in the
production.
 This is used to engage the audience and
keep them actively involved in the
storyline.
Dramatic Irony
continued…
 In all of the Friday the 13th movies, we know
Jason is in the woods. The characters do not.
When they go out into the woods we are afraid
for them because we know that they are in
danger. We scream for them to run, we get
excited when they fall, we cringe when we know
that Jason is right behind the tree.
Review
 Irony is a kind of a surprise. It is the difference between
what is expected to happen, and what actually does
happen.
 Irony is like a glitch, a twist, or a last minute switch in the
game. It is an interruption of events that cause an
unexpected outcome.
There are three types of irony:
 Verbal
 Situational
 Dramatic
Let’s Practice!
Identify the figure of speech used below. Write
AL for Alliteration, AS for Assonance, or O for
Onomatopoeia

 1. The light of the fire is a sight.

 2. Once upon a midnight dreary while I
pondered weak and weary
 3. Hark! Hark! Bow-wow. The watch
dogs bark.
 4. The sly, slithering snake snuck into the
shed.
 5. Sally sells sea shells beside the sea shore.
Identify what type of irony is present in the
sentence. Write V for Verbal Irony, S for
Situational Irony, and D for Dramatic Irony.
 6. Looking at her son's messy room, Mom says,
"Wow, you could win an award for cleanliness!"
 7. In Romeo and Juliet, the audience knows that
Juliet is only asleep-not dead-but Romeo does not,
and he kills himself.
 8. A pilot has a fear of heights.
 9. A small child does not flush the toilet, and the
mother says, "I really appreciate when you flush the
toilet! Thank you for remembering your manners!"
 10. The police station gets robbed.
ANSWERS: