Quality

• Q – Fitness for use

• U – Fitness for purpose
• A – Customer satisfaction
• L – Conformance to requirement
• I – Satisfy stated & implied needs
• T – Totality of features & characteristics
• Y – Satisfy ‘3 F’ – Fit, Form, Function
 Quality
• Quality is the totality of characteristics of an
entity that bear on its ability to satisfy stated and
implied needs

• Quality of a product may be defined as its

measurement against a standard regarded as
excellent at a particular price which is
satisfactory both to the producer & to the
consumer
• Quality of food products can be measured in
terms of
• Senses – taste panels
• Chemical composition
• Physical properties
• Microbial flora
• Both qualitative & Quantitative
• An excellent quality at a specified price can only
be achieved by answering in affirmative the
questions asked by QA & QC –
Yes, we are doing the right thing
&
We are doing things right?
 ISO 9000 Definition of QC

 Quality Control –

“The operational techniques and activities that

are used to fulfill requirements for quality.”
 Important Activities in QC

Process

Only
Detection Controlling action Measurement
& QC
Segregation
of defects

Feed back

Objectives
• Objective – What is to be done?
• Process – How is it to be done?
• Measurement – What is being done?
• Feed back – How can it be done more
efficiently?
• Controlling action – Achieve continual
improvement
 ISO 9000 Definition of QA

 Quality Assurance –

“All those planned and systematic activities

implemented to provide adequate confidence
that an entity will fulfill requirements for quality.”
 Important Activities in QA

Process

Detection Controlling action Measurement

QA
Analysis
Prevention
of defects

Feed back

Objectives
 QC Vs QA

QC QA
Product Process
Reactive Proactive
Line function Staff function
Find defects Prevent defects
.
Some important definitions
Quality Management
All activities of overall management function that determine the quality
policy, objectives & responsibilities & implement them by means such as
quality planning, QC, QA & quality improvement within quality system.

Quality Policy
Overall intentions and direction of an organization related to quality, as
formally expressed by top management.

Quality Planning
All the activities that establish the objectives & requirements for quality&
for the application of quality system elements

Quality System
The organizational structure, procedures, processes & resources needed
to implement QM

Quality Improvement
The actions taken throughout the organization to increase the
effectiveness & efficiency of activities & processes in order to provide
added benefits to both the organization & its customers.
 QMS
• Evolved early 1960 from post world war
• Military QA standard - AQAP series – Allied Quality Assurance
Publication – published between 1968 and 1970
• Adopted by Ministry of Defence as DEFSTAN 05 series in Jan. 1973
• Nov. 1972 – British standard institution published BS 4891 – A guide to
QA
• 1979 – First issue of BS 5750 Quality systems released
1987 - BS 5750 - revised to bring it in line with
ISO 9000
• 1979 – International Organization of standardization (ISO) – HQ at
Geneva, Switzerland - appointed Technical committee – to harmonise
QS of various nations
• 1986 – ISO 8402 – published QM & QA vocabulary
• 1987 – Five ISO 9000 series of standards published
• Dec. 2000 – ISO 9000 series revised
• ISO9000:2000 – QMS – Fundamentals & Vocabulary
• ISO9001:2000 – QMS requirement
• ISO9004:2000 – QMS – Guide lines for performance
• ISO 9001:2008 – Recent QMS
• ISO14000:2004 – Environmental management system
• ISO22000:2005 – Food safety management system
• ISO 9000:2008 series is required for marketing of
product
• Required for international trade
Principles of ISO9000:2008
1. Customer focus
2. Leadership
3. Involvement of people
4. Process approach
5. System approach to management
6. Continual improvement
7. Factual approach to decision making
8. Mutually beneficial supplier relationship
 Quality Loop
• Visual representation of interacting steps that
influence the quality of a product. These steps
range from identification of the customer’s stated
and implied needs to the assessment of whether
those needs have been fully satisfied.

• Also called quality spiral.

 Quality Circle
A quality circle is a volunteer group composed of workers, usually
under the leadership of their supervisor, who are trained to identify,
analyze and solve work-related problems and present their solutions
to management in order to improve the performance of the
organization, and motivate and enrich the work of employees.

The term quality circles derives from the concept of PDCA (Plan, Do,
Check, Act) circles developed by Dr. W Edwards Deming.
Quality Circle