 Presented By:

 Lyngkhoi
 Darwin
 With the coming of the Industrial Revolution,
humans were able to advance further into the
21st century. Technology developed rapidly,
science became advanced and the manufacturing
age came into view. With all of these came one
more effect, industrial pollution. Earlier,
industries were small factories that produced
smoke as the main pollutant. However, since the
number of factories were limited and worked
only a certain number of hours a day, the levels
of pollution did not grow significantly. But when
these factories became full scale industries and
manufacturing units, the issue of industrial
pollution started to take on more importance.
 Industry plays an important role in the
process of economic development in the
world. It enhances the economic welfare of
citizens and supplies the material goods they
consume. The way in which society will
develop in the future is largely dependent on
how the growth which industry generates is
distributed.
 Thus, industry has particular environmental
responsibilities in terms of such factors as
plant location and design, environmental
pollution, vibration and noise controls, waste
disposal, occupational health and safety
aspects, and long-range planning.
 Generally, the pollutants from industries are
divided into three major categories namely
gas, solid and water. There are also some
other pollutant forms such as noise and odor.
 1. Lack of Policies to Control Pollution: Lack of
effective policies and poor enforcement drive
allowed many industries to bypass laws made by
pollution control board which resulted in mass
scale pollution that affected lives of many human
beings and environment.
 2. Unplanned Industrial Growth: In most
industrial townships, unplanned growth took
place wherein those companies flouted rules and
norms and polluted the environment with both
air and water pollution. many people.
 3. Use of Outdated Technologies: Most industries
still rely on old technologies to produce products
that generate large amount of waste. To avoid
high cost and expenditure, many companies still
make use of traditional technologies to produce
high end products.
 4. Presence of Large Number of Small Scale
Industries: Many small scale industries and
factories that don’t have enough capital and rely
on government grants to run their day-to-day
businesses often escape environment regulations
and release large amount of toxic gases in the
atmosphere.
 5. Inefficient Waste Disposal: Water pollution and soil
pollution are often caused directly due to inefficiency
in disposal of waste. Long term exposure to polluted
air and water causes chronic health problems, making
the issue of industrial pollution into a severe one. It
also lowers the air quality in surrounding areas which
causes many respiratory disorders.
 6. Leaching of Resources From Our Natural
World: Industries do require large amount of raw
material to make them into finished products. This
requires extraction of minerals from beneath the
earth. The extracted minerals can cause soil pollution
when spilled on the earth. Leaks from vessels can
cause oil spills that may prove harmful for marine
life.
 In order to provide daily needs of the growing
population, different types of industries are
setup to produce different products. The
industries use raw materials, process them
and produce finished products. Besides the
finished products, a good number of by-
products are produced. Out of all the by-
products, if some are in huge quantities and
the processing is cost effective, the indus-
trialist preserves the by- products.
 Assessment of the air pollutants;
 Emissions (in process area, open and closed)
Emission sources in industries;
 Incineration of the fuels to provide the energy
for processes, offices and closed area. These
emissions are evaluated in chimney according
to thermodynamic conditions, boilers
specifications and capacity.
 If the processing of waste is a cost prohibitive
one, then the industrialist throws the waste
into the environment in the form of gas,
liquid or solid. The gases are usually released
into the atmosphere which causes Air
pollution.
 Waste in form of liquid(but water) is known as
waste water in industry and it is taken out.
 Wastewater generated by processes and other units
 Condensation water
 Cleaning and washing tool ,equipment and building
water
 Off water of steam generator , boiler condensation
water softening process and its regeneration
waters originated by supplementary processes.
 Field drainage and rain water
 Solid waste, or combination of solid wastes, which because of
its quantity, concentration, or physical, chemical, or
infectious characteristics may-
 cause, or significantly contribute to an increase in serious
irreversible, or incapacitating reversible, illness; or
 pose a substantial present or potential hazard to human
health or the environment when improperly treated, stored,
transported, or disposed of, or otherwise managed.
 These wastes are defined as any material that are no longer
desired and has no current or perceived value at a given
place. Among variety of waste , hazardous waste is a
hazardous substance that has been discarded or otherwise
designated as a waste material , or one that may become
hazardous by interaction with other substances.
 Generally, hazardous waste or solid is defined as any waste
which has hazard potential and hazardous effects to human
health and environment. They required different management
system from other conventional and traditional waste.
 Till now, there are about 15 industries which
are declared to be most polluting. These
include the caustic soda, cement, distillery,
dyes and dye intermediaries, fertilizers, iron
and steel, oil refineries, paper and pulp,
pesticides and pharmaceuticals, sugar,
textiles, thermal power plants, etc some of
the examples of pollution cause by them are
Sl. No. Industry Wastes Type of
produced Pollution
1. Caustic Soda Mercury, Air, water and
Chlorine gas land

2. Cement dust, Particulate Air, water and

smoke matter land

3. Distillery Organic waste Land and water

4. Fertilizer Ammonia, Land and water
cyanide,
5. oxides of Air and water
nitrogen,
6. oxides of Air and water
sulphur
7. Dye Inorganic waste Land and water
pigment
8. Iron and steel Smoke, gases, Air, water and
coal dust, fly land
ash, fluorine
9. Pesticides Organic and Water and land
inorganic
10. Oil Refineries Smoke, toxic Air and water
gases, organic
11. Paper and Pulp Smoke, organic Air and water
waste
12. Sugar Organic waste, Land and water
molasses
13. Textiles Smoke, Land and water
particulate
matter
14. Tanneries Organic waste Water
15. Thermal power Fly ash, SO2 gas Air and water
 1. On human health:
(i) It causes irritation of eye, nose, throat
respiratory tracts, etc.
(ii) It increases mortality rate.
(iii) A variety of particulates mainly pollens,
initiate asthmatic attacks.
(iv) Chronic pulmonary diseases like bronchitis
and asthma are aggravated by high concentration
of SO2, NO2, particulate matter and photo-
chemical smog.
(v) Certain metals like lead may enter the body
through lungs and cause poisoning.
 2. On animal health:
In case of animals, the pollutants enter in two
steps.
Accumulation of the airborne contaminants
in the vegetation forage and prey animals.
Subsequent poisoning of the animals when
they eat the contaminated food. In case of
animals, three pollutants namely fluorine,
arsenic and lead are responsible for most
livestock damage.
 3. On plants: Industrial pollution have been
shown to have serious adverse effects on
plants. In some cases, it is found that
vegetation over 150 Km. away from the
source of pollutants have been found to be
affected. The major pollutants affecting
plants are SO2, O3, NO2, etc. In the presence
of pollutants, the healthy plants suffer and
could not survive or live.
 4. Global Warming: With the rise in industrial
pollution, global warming has been
increasing at a steady pace. Smoke and
greenhouse gases are being released by
industries into the air which causes increase
in global warming. Melting of glaciers,
extinction of polar beers, floods, tsunamis,
hurricanes are few of the effects of the global
warming.
Method of
controlling of
Industrial
Pollutants
In conducting a monitoring program, existing
knowledge of the waste flow is usually
insufficient to provide the basis for
establishing comprehensive study.
The process and waste survey will provide
material balance of the flow of pollutants
through a system.
 Dissolved air flotation (DAF) has been used for many
years in the treatment of wastewaters for separation
of suspended solids, oils, greases, fibers, and other
low density solids from the carrier liquid.The
flotation process is accomplished by introducing
pressurized wastewaters to atmospheric pressure
and releasing the dissolved gas in excess of
saturation.
 In the case of the “in-drum” system, treatment
chemicals or binders are added directly into the
55-gallon steel drums used to collect the solid
wastes. Reaction are carried out, and the
stabilized product is often placed in a landfill, or
other facility still in the drum.
 Specially built Solid waste plants, similar to
incinerators, are operated either on site or at
central locations. These facilities are appropriate
for large quantities of solid wastes.
 Electrostatic Precipitators: Electrostatic
precipitators use electrostatic forces to
separate the dust from the exhaust gas. By
means of discharge electrodes, the dust
particles are negatively charged and can be
separated on corresponding collecting
electrodes. The particles are then discharged
from the collecting electrodes to dust
hoppers by electrode rapping
 Wet Scrubbers: In a wet scrubber, the polluted
gas stream is brought into contact with the
scrubbing liquid, by spraying it with the liquid,
by forcing it through a pool of liquid, or by some
other contact method, so as to remove the
pollutants. Scrubbers can be designed to collect
particulate matter and/or gaseous pollutants.
Wet scrubbers remove dust particles by capturing
them in liquid droplets. Wet scrubbers remove
pollutant gases by dissolving or absorbing them
into the liquid.
 In the frame of the approach that is discussed above:
 First of all, process survey must be done for the
industrial wastewaters in order to learn about the inputs and
outputs in the industry.
 A waste survey should be prepared according to process
survey and then pollution profile must be done without any
mistake.
 Only with a perfect characterization of a wastewater can
an efficient design be done.
 For all the industrial wastewaters, treat ability tests must
be done. However with a good characterization and perfect
unit performance knowledge it is possible to have
conceptual design in a very short period of time and in a safe
way.
 All the units that will be used as the base of the design of
the treatment system should be well defined.
 The effects of the treatment units on the other units in
the system should be well evaluated.