TEACHERS

SCHOOL
ADMINISTRATORS
DECISION - MAKERS
 PARENTS
OR
GUARDIANS
ORGANIZATIONS
OR
GROUPS
PEOPLE – EMPOWERED
PL ANNING

MS. L E A G . S A M B I L E
DEFINITION OF TERMS:
Empowerment – It is essentially a
capacity to define clearly one’s interests,
and to develop a strategy to achieve
those interests. It’s the ability to create a
plan or program to change one’s reality
in order to obtain those objectives or
interests.
• Community Participation - It is a form of
planning that takes a comprehensive approach
to meet community needs–an approach that
recognizes the interrelationship of economic,
physical and social development.
• Community - a group of people with diverse
characteristics who are linked by social ties,
share common perspectives, and engage in
joint action in geographical locations or
settings.
• Planning - It is a complex form of symbolic
action that consists of consciously
preconceiving a sequence of actions that
will be sufficient for achieving a goal. It is
set apart from undeliberated action, which
is not preconceived.
• Participatory Planning – It means the
distribution of decision – making power in
such a way that all those affected by
decisions should have a share in making
COMMUNITY
PARTICIPATION IN
EDUCATIONAL PLANNING
• Proper briefing of planned activities and events with
the local leaders first, before doing anything concrete,
and generating the environment and feeling that they
too are involved in planning of things, not just accepting
them and being used as institutional fronts.
• Conducting orientation sessions with local leaders and
local residents, especially mothers of children, using not
only government experts but credible local leaders as
briefing agents after proper training.
• Promoting the concept of working together because
whatever results are obtained accrue to benefit of the
community and their children.
• Forming a planning committee.
• Preparing a very simple, 2 to 3 page manual
of instructions, using the local language or
dialect if possible with illustrations and flow
charts, on how to make a simple budget, how
to involve people especially mothers of
students and pupils.
• Preparing a weekly or monthly status sheet
for each committee member on their activities,
achievements, problems and how to solve
them.
•Formulating a simple format of a
school or community education plan
and program.
•Preparing a management
implementation scheme to ensure
that the proposed plan can be
executed.
•Make a simple scheme to monitor
PARTICIPATORY
PLANNING
THE PEOPLE WHO SHOULD BE REPRESENTED IN
SOME ASPECTS OF PLANNING:
• Students – the clients served by school.
• Teachers – the major element of the professional staff
• School Administrators – principals, superintendent
and supervisors
• Decision – makers – chiefs, directors, ministers
• National Board of Education and other policy –
making bodies
• Para – professionals and Personnel of other agencies.
SUPPORTS AND DOUBTS IN
PARTICIPATORY PLANNING
 EFFICIENCY
PROS
• Technical or economic
efficiency is not all in
education.
• The gains in relevance and
quality, the additional
resources mobilized for
education, the enhanced
employability of students; all
these benefits likely to accrue
from participatory planning
would more than affect the
presumable loss in efficiency.
CONS
• Distracts educational
institutions from their
primary business.
• Costly because more people
will have to devote more of
their time.
• Uneconomical because the
competence and special
qualifications of professional
planners are not fully utilized.
 CONFLICT
PROS CONS
• Provides an “institutionalized
mechanism” for conflict • Involves many people with
settlement, an outlet for divergent points of view,
conflicts and controversies. conflicting values and rival
• Conflict is present everywhere: it interests; thus, educational
brings out into the open and
decision – making will be
attempts to deal with it in a
constructive manner.
strangled.
• Through consultation, conflict
and polarization may be
avoided by reserving final
decision in the hands of
planners.
 PROS
LOCALISM CONS
• Leads education out •Fosters varied
of its present whims and
emphasis through a
ideologies true to
variety of innovative
educational one setting or
experiments, decided locality
upon on different
places.
 MEDIOCRITY
PROS CONS
• Encourages creativity, • Involves many people
ideas and first – hand who are not formally
qualified, particularly
experience of local
the students
people, rather than
themselves.
an academic exercise.
• Planners’ expertise will
• Provides competence be subjected to majority
through technical rule and unsatisfact6ory
assistance groups. compromises; thus,
 AUTHORITY AND CONTROL
PROS CONS

• Holds control over the planning

process by means of the broad
• Represents a loss
and general acts of directives laid of teachers’ own
down by authorities.
• Does not aim at control over authority.
other people’s behaviour, instead
it enhances the control over a • Dissolves necessary
common activity, the degree to
which all parties concerned
control in
achieve their common objective
which is making the educational
education.
process as relevant, effective and
individually satisfying as possible.
 BENEFICIARY
PARTICIPATION
BENEFICIARY CONSULTATION

• Beneficiary groups are given the opportunity to

contribute information or advise to the planning
design, implementation and management processes
of the project.
Examples:
Small irrigation in the Philippines and
Grameen Bank in Bangladesh
BENEFICIARY COLLABORATION

• Beneficiary groups share, either physically such as

through labor and/ or financially, in project
implementation, operation and maintenance.
Examples:
Community forestry projects and smallholder
tree-crop estate projects.
BENEFICIARY ENTERPRISE

• Beneficiary groups take accountability for

implementation, operation and maintenance of
the project.
Example:
Cooperatives and supervised credit
livelihood projects.
 DECENTRALIZED
EDUCATIONAL PLANNING
 MEC
(Ministry of Education) Decentralized
educational planning
mobilizes grass roots

DECENTRALIZED Subnational
Quality of Life
EDUCATIONAL level

PLANNING to support

Social and
Economic
Program Development
Structure
Bridge
THANK
YOU!!!