Actual Board Examination

Questions on
QUESTIONED DOCUMENT
EXAMINATION

1
A person, by reason of his special technical
training or experience, can be permitted to
express his opinion about scientific issues
involved in a lawsuit. Legally speaking,
what is the best description of this person?
A. Document examiner
B. Handwriting expert
C. Expert witness
D. Forensic scientist
E. Scientific witness 2
What is the very expensive ink
applied on bank notes as a security
feature?
A. optically variable ink
B. basic variable ink
C. original variable ink
D. new auto ink variable

3
Any instrument executed in accordance
with the mercantile law that contains
disposition of trade rights and
obligations is classified as –
A. public document.
B. commercial document.
C. notarized document.
D. official document.
E. none of these.
4
What is the security feature that is
trivially concealed on the current
Philippine banknotes?
A. fluorescent printing
B. embedded security threads
C. security fiber
D. micro printing

5
A genuine signature which has been used
to prepare imitated or traced signature is
known as -
A. exemplars.
B. standard signature.
C. model signature.
D. formal signature.

6
Which of these refers to the act of the
author in intermittently forcing the pen
against the paper surface with
increasing pressure while writing?
A. Pen emphasis
B. Pen hold
C. Pen lift
D. Pen pressure
E. Print-script
7
What is the most useful and
effective protective covering of
a disputed documents?
A. Hard folder
B. Hard plastic folder
C. Sealed envelope
D. Transparent plastic envelope
8
When did the Americans introduce the ball
point pen in the Philippines?
A. 1929
B. 1930
C. 1945
D. 1959

9
What feature of the document can be
used to indicate the source or origin of
paper?
A. Wire mark
B. Postmark
C. Watermark
D. Compression mark
E. Date of the document
10
What is the type of conclusion where the
findings show that the questioned and
known writings were prepared by the
same writer because of agreement in
individualizing characteristics?
A. Negative
B. Positive
C. Identification
D. B and/or C
11
If cases are lost mostly not in the court room
but at the prosecutor’s office when the
documentary exhibits are presented for the first
time, what then is considered the key to
successful questioned document examination?
A. Logical progress of inquiry
B. Scientific evaluation of the documents
C. Analysis of handwriting characteristics
D. Preliminary examination of documentary
exhibits 12
What is the process by which a “
canal –like” outline of the genuine
signature is made.
A. carbon process
B. projection process
C. trace process
D. indentation process

13
What is that type of signature which
has been made in a particular date,
time, place and at a particular
purpose of recording it?
a. model signature
b. standard signature
c. evidential signature
d. guided signature
14
Based on the Supreme Court rulings,
which of the following legally
constitutes a document?
A. Pamphlet or book that do not establish
any disposition or agreement
B. Draft of a payroll not signed by the
authorized person
C. Blank forms of official documents
D. Neither one of the above
E. Either B or C
15
What is called the widening ink
strokes due to the added pressure
on a flexible pen point?
a. pen pressure
b. pen lifting
c. shading
d. retouching
16
What result of the writer’s muscular
control & coordination as influenced by
his age, health, emotional condition, and
personality that show uniqueness of his
writings?
A. Habits
B. General characteristics
C. Strokes
D. Individual characteristics
17
What can be seen through a microscope
when examining erasures by rubber
erasers, sandpaper, razor blade or knife
to remove writing or typing?
A.All of these
B.Disturbed fibers of the paper
C.Differences in the luminescence
properties of the inks
D.Overwriting or crossing out to hide the
original writing
18
In questioned document examination,
any significant property or mark that
serve as identifying detail of the
specimen is referred to as -
A. writing habits.
B. individual characteristics.
C. signature.
D. handwriting.
E. exhibit.
19
If a ball-point pen is used to write a document
that is being questioned, dictated standards to
be obtained must be taken in which of the
following manner?
A.The whole dictated writing must be done also in
ball-point pen
B.Two sets of 10 sufficient standards must be taken.
One set using ball-point pen and the other set
using fountain pen.
C.One half of the dictated writing should be done
using a ball-point pen and the other half in fountain
pen.
D.Two sets of 10 sufficient standards must be taken.
One set in ball-point pen and the other is pencil. 20
Who is regarded as the grandfather of
modern graphology?
A. Aristotle
B. Albert Osborne
C. Jean Hippolyte Michon
D. Leonarde Keeler
E. Hans Gross
21
Those changes which continue only
while the basic causes is affecting
the writer is called _______.
A. moral changes
B. physical changes
C. transitory changes
D. intransitory changes

22
Which of the following is considered the
earliest material that served the purpose
of paper during the ancient times?
A. Cellulose from wood pulp
B. Vegetable fiber
C. Papyrus
D. Parchment
E. Vellum
23
Blind forgery is a forgery of
signatures made without a model of
the signature. It is also called -
A.Simulated Forgery
B.Traced Forgery
C.Signature Forgery
D.Spurious Forgery

24
Legally, a written instrument which
establishes a right or extinguishes
an obligation is called -
A. Legal Document
B. Document
C. Official Document
D. Legal Tender
25
When the writer hides identity and
attempts deliberately to alter his
usual writing habits, it is called –
A. secret writing
B. closed writing
C. covered writing
D. disguised writing
26
What is that field of study related to
questioned document examination
which focuses on the money trail and
criminal intent?
A. Forgery Specialists
B. Historical Dating
C. Computer Crime Investigators
D. Fraud Investigation

27
The art of handwriting is now known
today as –
A. paleography.
B. graphology.
C. calligraphy.
D. cacography.

28
Preliminary embellished initial stroke
which usually occurs in capital letters
A. Ascender
B. Beaded
C. Bucklenot
D. Diacritic
E. Eyeloop

29
An unaccustomed and laborious form of
writing and it will be difficult to remember
how each letter has been modified after it
has been taken from view.
A. simulated
B. disguise
C. traced
D. imitation
30
If a document is disputed by one or more
persons because of the materials used in
their production, then such document is
considered -
A. questioned document.
B. holographic documents.
C. forged documents.
D. falsified document.
E. all of the foregoing.
31
Aside from Electrostatic
detection apparatus (ESDA),
indentations can be detected by -
A.Ultra-Violent Light
B.Oblique Lighting
C.Infrared Light
D.Microscopic Examination

32
Due to brain infection caused by a head
injury, Brenda lost the ability to write in
an orderly fashion although she can still
manage to manipulate writing materials.
Brenda is suffering from –
A. agraphia.
B. typomania.
C. alzheimer’s disease.
D. cerebral palsy.
E. graphomania. 33
What handwriting movement is usually
used by children and barely literate
people? The thumb, index and middle
finger are the ones in actual motion
while the person is writing.
A. Finger movement
B. Hand movement
C. Forearm movement
D. Whole arm movement
34
A signature which is executed while the
writer's hand or arm is steadied in any
by another person is classified as –
A. model signature.
B. disguised signature.
C. fraudulent signature.
D. guided signature.

35
Which of the following deals primarily on
the study of handwriting based on 2
fundamental strokes - the curve and the
straight strokes?
A. Petroglyphs
B. Graphology
C. Graphometry
D. Grapho-analysis
E. Paleography
36
What device can be used to show a tri-
dimensional enlargement of writings
found in a document under scrutiny?
A. Shadowgraph
B. Stereoscopic microscope
C. Ultra-violet lamp
D. Infra-red lamp
E. Transmitted light device
37
What is the method of physically
separating the components of inks?

A.Chromatography
B.Chemical Test
C.Ink Separation
D.Non-destructive Chemical Test
38
It is a specimen of writing which
was executed in the regular course
of one’s activities.
a. requested
b. executed at one time
c. collected
d. day to day standard

39
Questioned document examination
often involves comparing questioned
handwriting with known handwriting
to determine –
A. authentic document.
B. the falsification committed.
C. the writer's identity.
D. any sign of forgery.
E. any of these.
40
A modern pen nib which contains a
reservoir of ink in a specially designed
back or chamber is described as ______
(used to prevent forgery).
a. ball point pen
b. fountain pen
c. pencil
d. fiber pen
41
A figure resembling a hole or opening as
part of the letter
A. Ascender
B. Beaded
C. Bucklenot
D. Diacritic
E. Eyeloop

42
Paper, which has been treated in such a
way as to minimize the change of a
successful forgery by erasure, whether
mechanical or chemical, being carried out
on any document of which it forms the
basis called _____.
a. Chemical paper
b. Safety paper
c. Tested paper
d. Polyethylene coated paper
43
In typewriting examination, what serves
just to narrow down the search when
comparing a questioned document to
standard writing systems?

A.Individual Characteristics
B.Type of Characters
C.Class Characteristics
D.Transitional Defects
44
Which of these terms is used to
describe a line, sentence or paragraph
that is inserted in between lines or
paragraphs written in a document?
A. Obliteration
B. Superimposition
C. Substitution
D. Interlineations
45
It serves as the focal points of all document
examination and it is where the document
examiner relies as to the determination of
the appropriate examination and the
extent of the problem involved.
A. Questioned document
B. Standard document
C. Disputed document
D. Evidential document
46
These are meant to those grace lines,
superfluous strokes and are useful only for
ornamentation and are not essential to the
legibility of the signatures and usually occurs
among writers who attempt to express some
phase of their personalities.
a. diacritical marks
b. embellishments
c. idiosyncrasies
d. flourishing strokes 47
What is the basis for a positive
comparison and handwriting
analysis?
A. Class characteristics
B. Uniqueness of characteristics
C. Normal handwriting
D. One unique characteristics
48
Who is the most influential document
examiner in America and sometimes
regarded as the father of QDE?
A. Wilson Harrison
B. Alfred Dreyfus
C. Albert Osborn
D. Abe Michon
E. Gilbert Thompson
49
Which of the following refers
to any material which is
under scrutiny?
A. Document
B. Questioned Document
C. Disputed Document
D. Forged Document
E. Questioned
50
It is the normal or usual deviation
found between repeated
specimens.
A. normal writing
B. natural variation
C. natural writing
D. natural execution

51
A document maybe questioned due to
the following reasons, unless –
A. the circumstances regarding its
production arouse suspicion.
B. the document raises skepticism.
C. it is objectionable to someone.
D. the document is irrefutable.
E. any of these is present.
52
Technically, what is the appropriate term
for blotting out or shearing over a word or
letter in a document to make the original
handwriting invisible to the naked eye?
A. Erasure
B. Shading
C. Obliteration
D. Retouching
E. Patching
53
Paleography came from the Greek word
‘palaios’ which literally means-
A. art.
B. writing.
C. to write.
D. old.
E. document.
54
The legal classification of documents
are the following, except –
A. official document.
B. questioned document.
C. commercial and private document.
D. public document.
E. private document.

55
What are the 3 stages involved in
scientific document examination?
A. Evaluation, Examination & Analysis
B. Off-hand opinion, Evaluation &
Decision
C. Theory, Comparison & Examination
D. Analysis, Comparison & Evaluation

56
The first and most important
question about a surprising
documents is whether or not it is -
A. Altered
B. Forged
C. Genuine
D. Authentic

57
What is the first step in the
procurement of handwriting
exemplars?
A. Request for standard specimen
B. Study of the questioned specimen
C. Determine the writing instrument and
paper used
D. Arrange for normal writing condition

58
It is a light examination in which the
source of illumination strikes the surface
of the paper from the back or at the
bottom, usually designed in identification
of water markings?
a. direct light
b. oblique light
c. side light
d. transmitted light
59
The ruled or imaginary line where the
letters in the handwriting rests is simply
called -
A. alignment.
B. baseline.
C. line quality.
D. pen position.
E. retracing.
60
If John Loud is known for ball-point
pen, who is for the fountain pen?

a. Lewis Watterman
b. John Parker
c. Laszlo Biro
d. Lewis Parker

61
It is type of standard which the
subject is asked to write specific
materials, usually through dictation.
A. procured standard
B. request standard
C. exemplar standard
D. Sample standard

62
It is the visible record of the written
strokes resulting from a combination of
various factors associated to the
motion of the pen. It is also the overall
quality of the strokes.
a. movement
b. writing habits
c. line quality
d. significant writing habits
63
It is a type of an abnormality/defects
in typewriter that can easily be
corrected by simply cleaning the
machine or replacing the ribbon.
a. temporary defect
b. clogged type face
c. permanent defect
d. actual breakage
64
Document previously examined by any
competent agencies of the
government shall not be re- examined.
A. Yes
B. No
C. Yes, when there is a court order
D. No, even if there is a court order

65
As a rule, it is easier to determine
whether or not a signature is forgery,
but it is very difficult on the other hand
to established who committed the
forgery because:
a. the forger might be a left handed
b. imitation is one of the most effective means
to disguise one’s handwriting
c. it might be a traced forgery
d. there should be no sufficient standard
available 66
Which of these refers to the art of
determining the character or disposition
of person by analyzing his handwriting?

A. Calligraphy
B. Graphology
C. Haplography
D. QD examination
E. Xylography
67
A person who can write either with
his left or right hand is called –
A. ambidextrous.
B. analogous.
C. bicephalous.
D. dextrous or dexterous.
E. bilateral.

68
The top portion of a letter forming an
upper loop
A. Ascender
B. Beaded
C. Bucklenot
D. Diacritic
E. Eyeloop

69
It is known as the critical comparison
through side by side examination.
A. comparison of evidence
B. collation
C. graphoanalysis
D. reprographic examination

70
What was done, when one retouches
or goes back over a defective portion
of a writing stroke?
a. retracing
b. pressuring
c. patching
d. shading
71
Which of these is the oldest ink that
was developed?
A. Gallotanic ink
B. Logwood ink
C. Indian ink
D. Nigrosine
E. Ballpoint pen ink
72
A gap occurring between a
continuous stroke without lifting
the pen
A. Foot
B. Hiatus
C. Hump
D. Ligature
E. Stem

73
What is the irregularity in strokes
characterized by shaky or wavering
stroke which is perfectly apparent
even without magnification?
a. tremor
b. tremor of old age
c. tremor of illiteracy
d. tremor of fraud
74
It is a kind of techniques that forger
works first with pencil and afterwards
covers the pencil strokes with ink.
A. Fraudulent signature
B. French hand signature
C. Model signature
D. Guided signature

75
One of the origins of the English word
document is the French word
“docere.” This French word meant to-
A. study
B. record
C. write
D. teach
E. inform
76
Which of these refers to the special way
how various hand muscles work together
to produce written form of the ideas
conceived by the mind of the writer?
A. Writing coordination
B. Motor coordination
C. Rhythm
D. Handwriting movement
E. None of these
77
It is a kind of writing which is in
disconnected form of script or
semi- script of writing.
A. manual writing
B. manuscript writing
C. hand- letters
D. hiatus

78
What is the most commonly
encountered classification of
Questioned Documents?
A.With questioned typewriting
B. With questioned signatures
C.Those containing fraudulent alterations
D.Questioned or disputed holographic wills

79
Legally speaking, what is the description
of the act of passing, delivering, or
giving a counterfeit coin to another
person?
A. Counterfeiting
B. Falsification
C. Reproduction
D. Uttering
E. Forging
80
There is interruption in a stroke caused by
removing the writing instrument from the
paper. This is described as -
A. pen hold.
B. pen lift.
C. retouching.
D. tremor.
E. spacing.
81
What is the first step in the
procurement of typewriting exemplars?
a. procurement of the suspected typewriter
b. acquisition of typewriting exemplars
c. study of the questioned typewriting
d. preparation of exemplars

82
It is a type of writing movement
that gives a great freedom of
movement and also considered as
the most skillful type of movement.
a. finger movement
b. forearm movement
c. hand movement
d. whole arm movement
83
If our hands have 3 groups of muscles
that are used in the act of writing, what
muscles are used in pushing the pen for
the upward strokes of our handwriting?
A. Flexor muscles
B. Extensor muscles
C. Lumbricals
D. Biceps
E. Triceps
84
It is the act of making close and
critical study of any materials and
with questioned documents in
order to discover the facts.
A. evaluation
B. examinations
C. comparison
D. identification

85
It refers to the properties or marks,
elements or qualities which serve
to distinguish and known as the
basis of identification.
a. characteristics
b. class characteristics
c. individual characteristics
d. sample
86
It is an illegible form of a writing
which is characterized by partially
visible depression appearing
underneath the original writing.
a. invisible writing
b. obliterated writing
c. indented writing
d. contact writing
87
What technique should be applied in
recording the original appearance of a
charred document that was
discovered at the crime scene?
A. Microphotography
B. Infrared photography
C. Ultraviolet photography
D. Golden rule in crime scene investion
88
There are materials which contain marks,
signs or symbols, either visible or partially
visible, that may convey a meaning or
message to someone. These are called -
A. questioned documents.
B. disputed document.
C. documents.
D. handwritings.
E. documentary.
89
When document examiner as well as
police are dealing with documents,
what is the most common problem
they are concerned to?
a. origin
b. counterfeit
c. authorship
d. content (alteration)
90
What is the modern term of a handwriting
specimen obtained personally from a
known source that can be used by the
examiner as the basis for his ID or non-ID
of the writings found in a QD?
A. Handwriting standards
B. Samples
C. Collected standard
D. Exemplar
91
Paleographers study writings found on
ancient documents made of papyrus,
parchment, vellum, & wax-tablets.
From what material is papyrus made of?
A. Calf skin
B. Sheep skin
C. Reed grass
D. Goatskin
E. Wax
92
What ancient writing material was
made of goatskin or sheep skin?
A. Papyrus
B. Parchment
C. Vellum
D. Venom
E. None of these

93
What should be used to make the
examiner discover or see minute physical
details of the writings in a document
which would not be possible by merely
using his naked eye?
A. Transmitted light examination
B. Infra-red light examination
C. Microscopic examination
D. Preliminary examination
E. Ultra-violet light examination
94
What handwriting is made by a
person with the intention of hiding
his identity by deliberate altering his
normal habits of writing?
A. Forgery
B. Normal writing
C. Disguised writing
D. Tremulous writing

95
The bottom part of the letter which
rests on the base line
A. Foot
B. Hiatus
C. Hump
D. Ligature
E. Stem
96
The most common method
which a forger will use to
disguise his handwriting is to –
A. Change the direction of the slant
B. Write very rapidly
C. Write very slowly
D. Write larger than usual

97
What are the gross features
of handwriting called?
A. Writing habits
B. Class characteristics
C. Individual characteristics
D. Questioned documents

98
It is the visible numerical value
found on the notes that glows
when exposed to UV light.
A. security fibers
B. fluorescent printing
C. vignette
D. background / laceworks design

99
In document examination when
referring to contemporary
documents this refer to______?
a. Document which is more than 5 years before
and after.
b. Document which are not more than 5 years
before and after
c. Document which are more than 30 years
d. Document which are not more than 20 years
100
THANK YOU!

101