What is a Router ?

• Router is device which is used to make communication

between two or more different network which are
present in different/same geographical location

• If you want to make communication between two of

more different network which are present in same
geographical location, what steps you will do?

Answer : Configure Software Router or you can

Change Subnet Mask.
Router Classification
FIXED
• Fixed Router are just like a
branded PC where modification of
interfaces is not possible
• Access Layer Routers are
example of Fixed Router except
1600 and 1700 series
• Presumably these days, a non-
ISR router would just route
packets between different
networks (which is the original
definition of them).
MODULAR
• Modular Router are just like a
Assembled PC where modification of
interfaces is possible
• Distribution and Core Layer Routers
example of Modular Router
• ISR means "Integrated SONET Router"
SONET (Synchronous Optical Network)
• An ISR will include the smarts and
connections to support telephony
(Voice over IP) and a number of other
specialist components such as
Intrusion Prevention. Cisco coined the
phrase to differentiate their products
from other router vendors (who now
also include many of those features).
Example Modular Router
Model 2501

AUI
Attachment
Unit Interface Serial Ports
S0 and S1 Power Switch
E0

Console Auxiliary Power

Con 0 Aux 0 Supply
Attachment Unit Interface

An IP address needs to be assigned to this interface

and it should be in the same network as of the LAN.

E0
Straight Cable
192.168.1.150/24

Straight Cable

1.1 1.2 1.3

LAN - 192.168.1.0/24
 Attachment Unit Interface

E0
192.168.1.150/24
If you connect Router AUI to
directly to PC NIC Card then You
Cross Cable have to use Cross Cable

1.1

LAN - 192.168.1.0/24
Serial Port

• Serial pin configuration is 60 pin configuration

female (i.e. 15 pins and 4 rows) and Smart Serial pin

configuration is 26 pin configuration female.

• It is known as WAN Port

• It is used for connecting to Remote Location to the

Router.

• V.35 cable is having 60 pin configuration male at one

end and on the other end 18 pin configuration male.

V.35 Cable
Console Port

• It is known as Local Administrative Port

• It is generally used for Initial Configuration,

Password Recovery and Local Administration of the

Router. It is RJ45 Port

• IMP : It is the most delicate port on the Router

because of it make less use of Console Port.

Console Connectivity
Auxiliary Connectivity
2601 Model Router
Brief Overview

• WAN interfaces
– Serial interface (S0, S1 etc) – 60 pin/26 pin(smart serial)

• LAN interfaces - Ethernet

– AUI (Attachment Unit Interface) (E0)– 15 pin
– 10bT – RJ45

• Administration interfaces
– Console – RJ45 - Local
– Auxiliary – RJ45 - Remote
Internal Components

• ROM

A bootstrap program is located here. It is same as

BIOS of the PC. Bootstrap program current
version is 11.0

• Flash

Internetwork Operating System (IOS) developed

by Cisco is stored here. IOS is Command line
interface and current version is 13.0
Internal Components

• NVRAM

Non volatile RAM, similar to Hard Disk

It is also known as Permanent Storage or Startup

Configuration. Generally size of NVRAM is 32 KB.

• RAM

It is also known as Temporary Storage or running

Configuration. Minimum size of RAM is 2MB.
RAM is greater than NVRAM in the Router.

• Processor

Motorola Processor 70 Mhz, RISC based processor

Internal Components