Anggia Azizah (196090100111023)

Fauna Habitat Manipulation

Biology Department
Faculty Mathematics and Natural Sciences
Brawijaya University
Malang
2019
IPM (Integrated Pest Management) : The combined
use of multiple pest-control methods
Mechanical, physical, and cultural control Conservation
biological control
Host Resistance
Classcal biological
Biological control control

Autocidal control Inoculation biological

control
Biochemical agent
Inundation biological
Conventional pesticides control

Eilenberg et al. (2001)

 Conservation Biological Control
(CBC)

Reducing pesticide use Habitat Manipulation

Better targetting in time and to provide natural enemies with

space resources

Prey
Nectar Pollen

Host Refugia Lekking sites

 TOP DOWN CONTROL
 Here herbivores  In this approach,
(second trophic level)
are suppressed by the
natural bio-agents
(third trophic level) and
this type of approach is
seen in Augmentive
biological control.
BOTTOM UP CONTROL
manipulation within
crop, such as green
mulches and cover crop
(first trophic level) will
act on pests directly.
This type of approach is
seen in habitat
manipulation of
Conservation biological
control.
Root (1973)
 A. Buckwheat Strip B. Beetle Banks

A. Buckwheat strip in the margin of an b. ‘Beetle bank’ in British arable

Australian potato crop providing nectar to field providing winter shelter to
the potato moth parasitoid Copidosoma predators of cereal pests
koehleri (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae)
 C. Strip Cutting D. Buckwheat Ground Cover

c. Strip cutting of lucerne hay stand in New Zealand vineyard with buckwheat
Australia provides shelter to within-field ground cover for enhancement of
community of natural enemies leafroller parasitoids
 E. Windbreak Design

Windbreaks improve crop production and quality by modifying the microclimate and
reducing wind erosion. They protect crops from insect pests by reduced crop
visibility, dilution of pest hosts due to plant diversity, interference with pest movement.
Gurr et al. (2004)
 Ecological engineering is a human activity that modifies the
environment according to ecological principles which is useful
conceptual framework for considering the practice of habitat
manipulation for arthropod pest management.
 This aimed to enhance the effectiveness of the natural
enemies. Adult parasitoids and predators significantly benefited
from source of nectar and the protection provided by refuge
(hedge rows, cover crops and weedy borders).
 Mixed planting increase the diversity of habitats and provide
more effective shelter and alternative food source to predators
and parasites
 Some methods in ecological engineering: Buckwheat strip,
beetle bank, strip cutting, buckwheat ground cover and
windbreak design.
Eilenberg, J., Hajek, A. and Lomer, C. (2001). Suggestions for unifying the
terminology in biological control. Biocontrol 46: 387–400. Abundance
and efficiency of natural enemies of cereal aphids. Mitteilungen der
Deutschen Gesellschaft fur Allgemeine und Angewandte Entomologie
3 (1–3):312–315.
Gurr GM, Wratten SD and Altieri MA (eds). (2004a) Ecological Engineering:
Advances in Habitat Manipulation for Arthropods. CSIRO Publishing (in
press).
Muneer Ahmad and Pathania, S.S. 2017. Ecological Engineering for Pest
Management in AgroEcosystem-A review. Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci.
6(7): 1476-1485.
Root RB 1973, ‘Organisation of a plant-arthropod association in simple and
diverse habitats: the fauna of collards (Brassica oleracea)’, Ecological
Monographs 43:95-124.