Types of exercise

Isometric Exercise

• An isometric exercise involves a muscle

contraction in which the length of the muscle
remains constant while tension develops
toward a maximal force against an immovable
resistance.
 Progressive Resistive Exercise

• Progressive resistive exercise uses exercises

that strengthen muscles through a contraction
that overcomes some fixed resistance such as
with dumbbells, barbells, various exercise
machines, or resistive elastic tubing.
Progressive resistive exercise uses isotonic, or
isodynamic, contractions in which force is
generated while the muscle is changing in
length.
• Isotonic contractions can be
– Concentric - In performing a bicep curl, to lift the
weight from the starting position the biceps
muscle must contract and shorten in length.
– Eccentric – lengthening of a muscle
 Isokinetic Exercise

• An isokinetic exercise involves a muscle

contraction in which the length of the muscle
is changing while the contraction is performed
at a constant velocity.
• Isokinetic devices are designed so that
regardless of the amount of force applied
against a resistance, it can only be moved at a
certain speed.
 Plyometric Exercise
• Includes specific exercises that encompass a
rapid stretch of a muscle eccentrically,
followed immediately by a rapid concentric
contraction of that muscle to facilitate and
develop a forceful explosive movement over a
short period o time.
 Open Vs Closed Kinetic Chain
Exercises
• The concept o the kinetic chain deals with the
anatomical functional relationships that exist in
the upper and lower extremities.
• In a weight bearing position, the lower extremity
kinetic chain involves the transmission of forces
among the foot, ankle, lower leg, knee, thigh, and
hip.
• In the upper extremity, when the hand is in
contact with a weight bearing surface, forces are
transmitted to the wrist, forearm, elbow, upper
arm, and shoulder girdle
• An open kinetic chain exists when the foot or
hand is not in contact with the ground or
some other surface. In a closed kinetic chain,
the foot or hand is weight bearing.
• Movements of the more proximal anatomical
segments are afected by these open versus
closed kinetic chain positions.
• For example, the rotational components o the
ankle, knee, and hip reverse direction when
changing rom open to closed kinetic chain
activity. In a closed kinetic chain, the forces
begin at the ground and work their way up
through each joint. Also, in a closed kinetic
chain, forces must be absorbed by various
tissues and anatomical structures, rather than
simply dissipating as would occur in an open
chain.